<seg xml:id="title-main">Jastulae</seg>: <seg xml:id="title-sub">Documentation and Dictionary</seg>

20 August 2024

Read it! The old is new again! Never-before-seen! Apt! It just works out! An item! Surprisingly successful! +1! In place! Elemental! Unclothed! Books kept!

Jastulae is an early culture and language in the Jastu‐Fizonal sprachbund. The Unicode character U+22BB ⊻ XOR has traditionally been used as a shorthand for Jastulae.

The words below are grouped into eight generations based on their approximate times of use. The earliest of these are categorized as ⊻ Ⅰ and the latest as ⊻ ⅤⅠⅠⅠ. Jastugay is a close sibling language to Jastulae, and Jastugay ⅤⅠⅠⅠ and ⊻ ⅤⅠⅠⅠ were extant during the same time period.

Definitive etymological classifications for early Jastulae words are not made; rather, broad associations have been noted. These are marked via a U+223B ∻ HOMOTHETIC Unicode character. In later iterations of the language, etymological history becomes much more clear.

The entries below use a roughly phonetic spelling; however, as Jastulae is in essence a speculative proto‐language, the pronunciation data should not be taken as anything more than a broad guideline. Interested persons should research the phonologies of Jastugay and Zheshoi for more information on how these sounds have evolved over time.

Jastulae has been given the language code qjl; the script subtag Latn should also be supplied. The sibling language Jastugay developed a native script, but likely not until after the period in which Jastulae was spoken.

⊻ Ⅰ this/that/they/you/I go stop

⊻ ⅠⅠ this/that animal(s) people (any POVPoint Of View) yes go no stop

⊻ ⅠⅠⅠ ∻ this/that ∻ animal ∻ he/she/they ∻ you ∻ me ∻ yes ∻ good ∻ go ∻ , food ∻ alive ∻ no ∻ stop ∻ bad ∻ dead ∻ do

⊻ ⅠⅤ ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ food ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ drink (n.) / water ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ , alive ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ yes ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ good ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ no ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ dead ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ bad ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ this/that ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ animal ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ he/she/they ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ you ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ me ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ girl ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ boy ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ do ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ , go ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ , stop ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ life ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ , eat ∻ ⅠⅠⅠ , drink

⊻ Ⅴ ⅠⅤ + plant‐foodstuffs ⅠⅤ + meat ⅠⅤ < ⅠⅠⅠ + , lifestuff water ⅠⅤ < ⅠⅠⅠ + alive; living ⅠⅤ < ⅠⅠⅠ + dead ⅠⅤ + sick, injured ⅠⅤ yes ⅠⅤ is ⅠⅤ no ⅠⅤ + is not ⅠⅠⅠ good ⅠⅤ ; + bad Ⅰ this or that; an item ⅠⅤ + animal ⅠⅤ ; she ⅠⅤ ; he ⅠⅤ ; ; they ⅠⅤ you ⅠⅤ me ⅠⅤ female (adj.) ⅠⅤ male (adj.) ⅠⅤ do ⅠⅤ go ⅠⅤ stop Ⅰ ; ⅠⅤ quickly Ⅴ + slowly ⅠⅤ eat ⅠⅤ drink ⅠⅤ life ⅠⅤ + death ⅠⅤ + make ⅠⅤ + + destroy

⊻ ⅤⅠ

Things Ⅴ plants/vegitation Ⅴ animals Ⅴ water Ⅴ + < ⅠⅤ food Ⅴ food from plants ⅤⅠ < Ⅴ meat ⅠⅠ that Ⅴ this Ⅴ life Ⅴ death Ⅴ , person Ⅴ + clothing Ⅴ + fire Ⅴ + ground Ⅴ + sun Ⅴ + sky Ⅴ + sharp object (such as a knife) Ⅴ + weapon Ⅴ + place ⅤⅠ wind Ⅴ + rain Ⅴ + + snow

People Ⅴ she Ⅴ he Ⅴ they Ⅴ + + you Ⅴ me ⅤⅠ + us/we

Adjectives Ⅴ alive, living Ⅴ dead Ⅴ sick, injured Ⅴ good Ⅴ bad Ⅴ female Ⅴ male Ⅴ quick; fast Ⅴ slow Ⅴ great Ⅴ small/weak

Yes/No Ⅴ yes Ⅴ no

Verbs Ⅴ is Ⅴ is not Ⅴ do Ⅴ go Ⅴ stop Ⅴ eat Ⅴ drink Ⅴ make/create Ⅴ destroy

⊻ ⅤⅠⅠ

The Human Body ⅤⅠ A person or body ⅤⅠ + , sky place Head ⅤⅠ + , wind place Throat ⅤⅠ + , ground place Torso/body ⅤⅠ + , life fire Eyes ⅤⅠ + , that which eats Mouth ⅤⅠ + , this does Arms/hands ⅤⅠ + , this goes Legs/feet ⅤⅠ + , sun stop Hair ⅤⅠ + , ground clothing Skin

Locations ⅤⅠ + , this place Here ⅤⅠ + , that place There ⅤⅠ + , sun thing Front ⅤⅠ + , ground thing Back ⅤⅠ + , weapon place Side ⅤⅠ + , place of sky Up ⅤⅠ + , place of ground Down ⅤⅠ + , life place Home ⅤⅠ + , sunny ground Land ⅤⅠ + + , small moving water A river or creek ⅤⅠ + , great water An ocean or very large body of water Smaller lakes and seas are referred to simply as the water

The Sky ⅤⅠ The sky ⅤⅠ The sun ⅤⅠ + , female sun The moon ⅤⅠ + , little lives The stars

The Weather ⅤⅠ + , sky thing Cloud/cloudy ⅤⅠ Rain ⅤⅠ Snow ⅤⅠ Wind ⅤⅠ + , healthy sky Clear sky ⅤⅠ + , sick sky Storm/stormy

Pronouns ⅠⅠ That ⅤⅠ That ⅤⅠ + It Ⅴ She Ⅴ He Note: Pronounced as a combination of s and h sounds, not with a sh sound ⅤⅠ They ⅤⅠ You ⅤⅠ Me ⅤⅠ Us

Titles ⅤⅠ + , goes to edible plant Gatherer Note: Earlier etymological records mark this word as descending from hīatsō, but hīatsē is the correct spelling ⅤⅠ + , kills animals Hunter ⅤⅠ + , stops weapons Guardian ⅤⅠ + , makes great Leader ⅤⅠ + , good person Friend

Kinds of People ⅤⅠ + , little person Young child ⅤⅠ + , female person Woman ⅤⅠ + , male person Man ⅤⅠ + , great weak Baby ⅤⅠ + , slow but great Elder ⅤⅠ Female ⅤⅠ Male

Life ⅤⅠ Life ⅤⅠ Death ⅤⅠ Living, alive ⅤⅠ Dead ⅤⅠ Dying/injured/sick

Abilities/Qualities ⅤⅠ Quick/fast ⅤⅠ Slow ⅤⅠ + , sky doings Intelligent/thoughtful ⅤⅠ + , no stopping Determined/hardworking ⅤⅠ Great/strong ⅤⅠ Small/weak ⅤⅠ Good ⅤⅠ Bad

Emotions/Feelings ⅤⅠ + , be good Happy ⅤⅠ + , be bad Angry ⅤⅠ + , rain things Emotions ⅤⅠ + , ground fire Feelings (physical) ⅤⅠ + , great rain Awe/beauty/love ⅤⅠ + , creates friends Love ⅤⅠ + , weakens Sad ⅤⅠ + Pain

Substances/Materials ⅤⅠ Water ⅤⅠ + , strong plant Wood ⅤⅠ + , groundstuff Rock/stone ⅤⅠ Ground

Misc. Items ⅤⅠ Food ⅤⅠ Food from plants ⅤⅠ Meat ⅤⅠ + , good plantfood Fruit ⅤⅠ Fire ⅤⅠ Sharp object ⅤⅠ Weapon

Verbs ⅤⅠ Is ⅤⅠ Is not ⅤⅠ Do ⅤⅠ Go ⅤⅠ Stop ⅤⅠ Eat ⅤⅠ Drink ⅤⅠ Make/create ⅤⅠ Destroy ⅤⅠ + , move this Give ⅤⅠ + , move that Take ⅤⅠ + , in place Have ⅤⅠ + , a little of that Want ⅤⅠ + , a lot of this Need ⅤⅠ + , become big Grow ⅤⅠ Use ⅤⅠ + , wind that Touch/feel Gibberish! Speak ⅤⅠ + , become wind Sleep ⅤⅠ + , sun eat See

Clothing ⅤⅠ Clothing ⅤⅠ + , sky clothing Hat ⅤⅠ + , rain clothing Shirt ⅤⅠ + , fire clothing Pants ⅤⅠ + , snow clothing Shoes

Animals ⅤⅠ + , good with snow Wolf ⅤⅠ + , thing of water Frog/toad ⅤⅠ + , thing of ground Snake ⅤⅠ + , thing of fire Salamander/newt ⅤⅠ + , thing of sky Bird ⅤⅠ + , ground life Crab/turtle ⅤⅠ + , water life Fish ⅤⅠ + , small life Insects ⅤⅠ + , fast life Rabbit ⅤⅠ + , small go Squirrel & similar mammals ⅤⅠ + , great predator Bear ⅤⅠ + , meat animal Deer ⅤⅠ Animal

Plants ⅤⅠ + , fire plants Flower plants ⅤⅠ Plants/vegitation ⅤⅠ + , sky plant Trees ⅤⅠ + , ground plant Bushes

Yes/No ⅤⅠ Yes ⅤⅠ No

⊻ ⅤⅠⅠⅠ

Nouns + Adjectives

People ⅤⅠⅠ A person or body ⅤⅠⅠ + to͡oædl, speaking people A speaker ⅤⅠⅠ + to͡oædl, crab people A mute ⅤⅠⅠ A woman ⅤⅠⅠ A man ⅤⅠⅠ A baby ⅤⅠⅠ A young child ⅤⅠⅠ + , fast child An older child ⅤⅠⅠ + , small man Young adult Used mainly with males ⅤⅠⅠ + , strong person Adult ⅤⅠⅠ Elder ⅤⅠⅠ Guardian ⅤⅠⅠ Hunter ⅤⅠⅠ Gatherer ⅤⅠⅠ , create Craftsman ⅤⅠⅠ Friend ⅤⅠⅠ + , loving woman A caretaker ⅤⅠⅠ Leader ⅤⅠⅠ + Virgin Used primarily w/ females ⅤⅠⅠI Army

Body Parts ⅤⅠⅠ Hair ⅤⅠⅠ Head ⅤⅠⅠ Eye ⅤⅠⅠ + , head ōwī Nose ⅤⅠⅠ Mouth ⅤⅠⅠ + , takes speech Ear ⅤⅠⅠ Neck/throat ⅤⅠⅠ + , go strong Spine ⅤⅠⅠ Arms ⅤⅠⅠ Legs ⅤⅠⅠ Chest/torso ⅤⅠⅠ + , goes back Joints ⅤⅠⅠ + , front of arm Shoulder ⅤⅠⅠ + , big side Hip ⅤⅠⅠ + , ground touch Foot ⅤⅠⅠ + , that which creates Hand ⅤⅠⅠ + , that which touches Fingers ⅤⅠⅠ + , sharp eater Tooth ⅤⅠⅠ + , that which drinks Tongue ⅤⅠⅠ + , speech maker Lung ⅤⅠⅠ + , great life Heart ⅤⅠⅠ + Blood ⅤⅠⅠ + , rock body Bone ⅤⅠⅠ Meat/flesh ⅤⅠⅠ Skin ⅤⅠⅠ Male genitals ⅤⅠⅠ + , female weakness Female genitals ⅤⅠⅠ Female breast ⅤⅠⅠ + , lifemeat Placenta

Clothing ⅤⅠⅠ Clothing ⅤⅠⅠ Hat ⅤⅠⅠ Shirt ⅤⅠⅠ Pants ⅤⅠⅠ Shoes ⅤⅠⅠ + , animal hat Mask

Biorhythms ⅤⅠⅠ + , food pain Hunger ⅤⅠⅠ + , water need Thirst ⅤⅠⅠ to sleep Sleep ⅤⅠⅠ + Waste elimination ⅤⅠⅠ + moon sickness Menstruation

Sight ⅤⅠⅠ Vision ⅤⅠⅠ Red/yellow/orange ⅤⅠⅠ Green ⅤⅠⅠ Blue ⅤⅠⅠ + berry Purple ⅤⅠⅠ Transparent/translucent Free of obstructioin or impurity, as in, a dāħetə sky ⅤⅠⅠ Brown ⅤⅠⅠ Grey ⅤⅠⅠ White Note: There is no word for black. Dark is used instead. ⅤⅠⅠ Light ⅤⅠⅠ Dark

Touch ⅤⅠⅠ Feeling (physical) ⅤⅠⅠ Pain

Taste ⅤⅠⅠ + throat feelings Sweet(ness) ⅤⅠⅠ + tongue pain Bitter(ness) ⅤⅠⅠ + mouth fire Hot(ness) ⅤⅠⅠ Sour(ness) ⅤⅠⅠ + ocean food Salty(ness)

Smell ⅤⅠⅠ + nose emotions Scent

Hearing ⅤⅠⅠ + head pain Loud ⅤⅠⅠ + weak voice Quiet ⅤⅠⅠ Noise ⅤⅠⅠ Speech Made up, w/ infl. by ⅤⅠⅠ + Music

Emotions ⅤⅠⅠ Emotions ⅤⅠⅠ Happiness ⅤⅠⅠ Anger ⅤⅠⅠ Sadness ⅤⅠⅠ + Frustration ⅤⅠⅠ Love (friend) ⅤⅠⅠ Love (beauty)/awe ⅤⅠⅠ Calm/peaceful ⅤⅠⅠ + burning rain Passion ⅤⅠⅠ + fast fire Energetic/excitement

Life ⅤⅠⅠ Life ⅤⅠⅠ Death ⅤⅠⅠ Alive/living ⅤⅠⅠ Dead ⅤⅠⅠ Sick ⅤⅠⅠ + pain thing Injured

Qualities/Conditions ⅤⅠⅠ Fast ⅤⅠⅠ Slow ⅤⅠⅠ Great ⅤⅠⅠ Small/unimportant ⅤⅠⅠ Strong ⅤⅠⅠ Weak ⅤⅠⅠ Good ⅤⅠⅠ Bad ⅤⅠⅠ Intelligent/wise ⅤⅠⅠ + Stupid/foolish ⅤⅠⅠ Hardworking/determined ⅤⅠⅠ + Lazy Made‐up w/ infl. by ⅤⅠⅠ Sharp ⅤⅠⅠ Fine; OK ⅤⅠⅠ Dangerous

Abstracts ⅤⅠⅠ + Right ⅤⅠⅠ + Wrong ⅤⅠⅠ Knowledge/wisdom ⅤⅠⅠ Power ⅤⅠⅠ + Beauty ⅤⅠⅠ Trust ⅤⅠⅠ + Hope ⅤⅠⅠ + Courage

Language ⅤⅠⅠ + small speech Word ⅤⅠⅠ + Statement ⅤⅠⅠⅠ Story (literature)

Time Made‐up A moment; also, time ⅤⅠⅠ Day, esp. midday ⅤⅠⅠ Night ⅤⅠⅠ + moon life Month ⅤⅠⅠ + baby sun Morning ⅤⅠⅠ + old sun Evening ⅤⅠⅠ + ⅤⅠⅠⅠ Now ⅤⅠⅠ + ⅤⅠⅠⅠ Later

Numbers ⅤⅠⅠ One ⅤⅠⅠ sōl things Two ⅤⅠⅠ + sōl Three ⅤⅠⅠ hand Four ⅤⅠⅠ sōl Five ⅤⅠⅠ sōl Six ⅤⅠⅠ sōl Seven ⅤⅠⅠ sat·wāl hands Eight (10)

Amount ⅤⅠⅠ no None ⅤⅠⅠ yes All ⅤⅠⅠ l plural mod. Some ⅤⅠⅠ great Much ⅤⅠⅠ small Little Made‐up Part Made‐up Complete/full ⅤⅠⅠ Empty ⅤⅠⅠ More ⅤⅠⅠ Less ⅤⅠⅠ Another

Substances/Materials ⅤⅠⅠ Water ⅤⅠⅠ Wood ⅤⅠⅠ Rock/stone ⅤⅠⅠ Ground ⅤⅠⅠ Fire ⅤⅠⅠ + strong rock Metal ⅤⅠⅠ + Clay ⅤⅠⅠ A thing ⅤⅠⅠ + Copper ⅤⅠⅠ + Bronze ⅤⅠⅠ + Gold ⅤⅠⅠ Clay ⅤⅠⅠ + Cloth ⅤⅠⅠ + Leather

Earth & Sky ⅤⅠⅠ The sky ⅤⅠⅠ The sun ⅤⅠⅠ The moon ⅤⅠⅠ Star ⅤⅠⅠ Land ⅤⅠⅠ A river/creek ⅤⅠⅠ A large body of water ⅤⅠⅠ + small water A smaller body of water ⅤⅠⅠ + great land Mtns. ⅤⅠⅠ + weak land Valleys ⅤⅠⅠ + water land Island ⅤⅠⅠ + skystuff Air

Natural Occurances ⅤⅠⅠ + sky emotions Weather ⅤⅠⅠ Cloud ⅤⅠⅠ Rain ⅤⅠⅠ Snow ⅤⅠⅠ Wind ⅤⅠⅠ Storm ⅤⅠⅠ + hard snow Hail ⅤⅠⅠ + sky fire Lightning ⅤⅠⅠ Spring ⅤⅠⅠ Summer ⅤⅠⅠ Autumn ⅤⅠⅠ Winter

Location ⅤⅠⅠ Here ⅤⅠⅠ There ⅤⅠⅠ Front ⅤⅠⅠ Back ⅤⅠⅠ Side ⅤⅠⅠ Up ⅤⅠⅠ Down M‐U Right M‐U Left ⅤⅠⅠ Near ⅤⅠⅠ Far ⅤⅠⅠ Start/beginning ⅤⅠⅠ Finish/end

Pronouns ⅤⅠⅠ That ⅤⅠⅠ This ⅤⅠⅠ It ⅤⅠⅠ She ⅤⅠⅠ He ⅤⅠⅠ They ⅤⅠⅠ You ⅤⅠⅠ Me ⅤⅠⅠ Us ⅤⅠⅠ + this or that? Which ⅤⅠⅠ it? What ⅤⅠⅠ here? Where ⅤⅠⅠⅠ time? When ⅤⅠⅠ me? Who

Physical Condition ⅤⅠⅠ + need food Hunger ⅤⅠⅠ + need drink Thirst ⅤⅠⅠ + need sleep Exhaustion ⅤⅠⅠ Broken ⅤⅠⅠ Old ⅤⅠⅠ Young ⅤⅠⅠ Female ⅤⅠⅠ Male ⅤⅠⅠ Hard ⅤⅠⅠ Soft ⅤⅠⅠ Rough ⅤⅠⅠ Smooth ⅤⅠⅠ Hot ⅤⅠⅠ Cold ⅤⅠⅠ Flexible ⅤⅠⅠ + Beautiful ⅤⅠⅠ + Ugly

Expressions ⅤⅠⅠ + Smile ⅤⅠⅠ Frown ⅤⅠⅠ + happy voice Laughter ⅤⅠⅠ Crying

Animals ⅤⅠⅠ Shortwolf ⅤⅠⅠ Largefrog ⅤⅠⅠ Snake ⅤⅠⅠ Salamander ⅤⅠⅠ Bird ⅤⅠⅠ + Turtle ⅤⅠⅠ Crab ⅤⅠⅠ Fish ⅤⅠⅠ Insects ⅤⅠⅠ Frog hare ⅤⅠⅠ Small mammal ⅤⅠⅠ + zombie mouse (Poisonous) porcumouse ⅤⅠⅠ Otterbear ⅤⅠⅠ Deer ⅤⅠⅠ Animal ⅤⅠⅠ + plant eater Platipus‐cow (cattle) ⅤⅠⅠ Pig ⅤⅠⅠ + quick animal Waterfox (cat)

Plants ⅤⅠⅠ Vegetation ⅤⅠⅠ Flowering plant ⅤⅠⅠ Bush ⅤⅠⅠ Tree

Food ⅤⅠⅠ Food ⅤⅠⅠ Plantstuffs (edible) ⅤⅠⅠ Meat ⅤⅠⅠ Fruit ⅤⅠⅠ + starfood Rice ⅤⅠⅠ + sun fruit Apple (yellow) ⅤⅠⅠ + moon fruit Snow citrus (similar to Satsuma) ⅤⅠⅠ + star fruit Berry (compound) ⅤⅠⅠ + Alcohol

Tools ⅤⅠⅠ Weapon ⅤⅠⅠ Sharp object ⅤⅠⅠ + Weapon ⅤⅠⅠ Knife ⅤⅠⅠ + Wheel ⅤⅠⅠⅠ + Wheeled cart ⅤⅠⅠ + Pot (or other container) ⅤⅠⅠI + clay land Map

Jewelry ⅤⅠⅠ + neck fruit Necklace ⅤⅠⅠ + wrist fruit Bracelet ⅤⅠⅠ + sharp fruit Piercing

Instruments ⅤⅠⅠ + Drums ⅤⅠⅠ + Strings ⅤⅠⅠ Flutes

Buildings/Structures ⅤⅠⅠⅠ + Room ⅤⅠⅠⅠ + City

Verbs ⅤⅠⅠ Is ⅤⅠⅠ Do ⅤⅠⅠ Go ⅤⅠⅠ Stop ⅤⅠⅠ Eat ⅤⅠⅠ Drink ⅤⅠⅠ Make ⅤⅠⅠ Destroy ⅤⅠⅠ Give ⅤⅠⅠ Take ⅤⅠⅠ Have ⅤⅠⅠ Want ⅤⅠⅠ Need ⅤⅠⅠ Grow ⅤⅠⅠ Use ⅤⅠⅠ Touch/feel ⅤⅠⅠ Speak ⅤⅠⅠ Sleep ⅤⅠⅠ See ⅤⅠⅠ + make new Mix ⅤⅠⅠ able Can ⅤⅠⅠ + Fly ⅤⅠⅠ + Grab ⅤⅠⅠ + Drop ⅤⅠⅠ + Attack ⅤⅠⅠ + Hurt ⅤⅠⅠ + Punch ⅤⅠⅠ + Kick ⅤⅠⅠ + Bring ⅤⅠⅠ + Come ⅤⅠⅠ + Leave ⅤⅠⅠ + Kill

Other ⅤⅠⅠ Yes ⅤⅠⅠ No

Conjunctions ⅤⅠⅠ For M.U. And ⅤⅠⅠ Nor M.U. But ⅤⅠⅠ Or M.U. Yet ⅤⅠⅠ So

Modifiers Pluralize ‐ing ‐tion ‐er (as in, teacher) ‐ate anti‐ un‐ re‐ pro‐ More (as in, closer) ‐ify trans‐ inter‐ Past tense Future tense

Prepositions ⅤⅠⅠ With ⅤⅠⅠ To ⅤⅠⅠ From ⅤⅠⅠ In ⅤⅠⅠ Out ⅤⅠⅠ On ⅤⅠⅠ Off ⅤⅠⅠ Around ⅤⅠⅠ Through ⅤⅠⅠ Above ⅤⅠⅠ Below ⅤⅠⅠ Between ⅤⅠⅠ Beside ⅤⅠⅠⅠ + Of

Articles M.U. The M.U. A M.U. Proper Article