+# (callable) Percent‐decode the given strings.
+override perdec = $(foreach encoded,$1,$(shell $(PRINTF) '%s\n' $(call quote,$(encoded)) | $(SED) 's/|/%7C/g;s/[\]/%5C/g;s/%[0-9A-Fa-f]\{2\}/|&|/g' | $(TR) '|' '\n' | $(SED) '/^%[0-9A-Fa-f]\{2\}$$/!s/%/|%25|/' | $(TR) '|' '\n' | $(AWK) '$$0!~/%/{printf "%s",$$0}/%/{sub("%","0x");cmd="$(XARGS) $(PRINTF) \"%04o\"";printf "%s","\\";printf "%s",$$0|cmd;close(cmd)}' | $(XARGS) -0 $(PRINTF) '%b'))
+
+# (callable) Percent‐encode the given strings.
+#
+# This singly‐encodes u·r·i characters and doubly‐encodes other characters, then calls `perdec´ to decode back to a single encoding.
+# The encoding assumes the input is a “u·r·i component”; e·g that the resulting string should only contain `pchar´ (but can contain any `sub-delim´).
+override perenc = $(foreach unencoded,$1,$(call perdec,$(shell $(PRINTF) '%s' $(call quote,$(unencoded)) | $(OD) -t x1 | $(SED) 's/^[0-9]*//;s/2[146-9A-Ea-e]/%&/g;s/3[0-9AaBbDd]/%&/g;s/40/%&/g;s/[46][1-9A-Fa-f]/%&/g;s/[57][0-9Aa]/%&/g;s/5[Ff]/%&/g;s/7[Ee]/%&/g;s/[ ][0-9A-Fa-f]\{2\}/%25&/g' | $(TR) -d ' \n' | $(TR) 'abcdef' 'ABCDEF')))
+
+# (callable) Percent‐encode each component in the given paths.
+#
+# ☡ This will remove leading and trailing slashes.
+override pathenc = $(foreach path,$1,$(subst $(space),/,$(call perenc,$(subst /, ,$(path)))))
+
+# (overridable) Collect all of the applicable includes from the includes directory.
+sourceincludes := $(shell $(FIND) $(foreach dir,$(INCLUDEDIR),$(call quote,$(dir))) '(' $(FINDRULES) ')' -a -type f)
+
+# (overridable) Collect all of the applicable source files from the source directory, removing any which are also includes.
+sourcefiles := $(filter-out $(sourceincludes),$(shell $(FIND) $(foreach dir,$(SRCDIR),$(call quote,$(dir))) '(' $(FINDRULES) ')' -a -type f))
+
+ifdef GIT
+ifneq ($(wildcard $(THISDIR)/.git),)
+# (overridable) The name of the current revision of ⛩️📰 书社, or its hash if the current revision is not a tag.
+thisrev = $(shell cd $(THISDIR); $(GIT) describe 2> /dev/null || $(GIT) rev-parse HEAD 2> /dev/null || true)
+endif