Make base64 handling Posix

[Shushe] / README.markdown

diff --git a/README.markdown b/README.markdown
index 7e9b74bc2069b41b83e97dd8d54512b2364febeb..5457ce763994785c2029d58162d4b68e25ebf1a7 100644 (file)
--- a/README.markdown
+++ b/README.markdown
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+<!--
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Lady <https://www.ladys.computer/about/#lady>
+SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
+-->

 # ⛩️📰 书社
 
 # ⛩️📰 书社
 

-<b>An X·S·L·T‐based static site generator.</b>
+<b>A make·file for X·M·L.</b>

 
 <dfn>⛩️📰 书社</dfn> aims to make it easy to generate websites with
   X·S·L·T and G·N·U Make.
 
 <dfn>⛩️📰 书社</dfn> aims to make it easy to generate websites with
   X·S·L·T and G·N·U Make.


@@ -18,6 +22,15 @@ It makes things easier by :⁠—
 
 It aims to do this with zero dependencies beyond the programs already
   installed on your computer.
 
 It aims to do this with zero dependencies beyond the programs already
   installed on your computer.

+(On Linux machines, you may need to install `libxml2-utils` to get the
+  commandline programs from `libxml2`.)
+
+**Note:**
+⛩️📰 书社 requires functionality present in G·N·U Make 3.81 (or later)
+  and will not work in previous versions, or other implementations of
+  Make.
+Compatibility with later versions of G·N·U Make is assumed, but not
+  tested.

 
 ## Nomenclature
 
 
 ## Nomenclature
 


@@ -60,9 +73,13 @@ Compilation involves the following steps :⁠—
 5. ⛩️📰 书社 uses the dependency tree to establish prerequisites for
     each output file.
 
 5. ⛩️📰 书社 uses the dependency tree to establish prerequisites for
     each output file.
 

-6. ⛩️📰 书社 compiles each output file to `build/public`.
+6. ⛩️📰 书社 compiles each output file to `build/result`.
+
+7. ⛩️📰 书社 copies most output files from `build/result` to
+     `build/public`, but it does some additional processing instead on
+     those which indicate a non‐X·M·L desired final output form.

 
 

-7. ⛩️📰 书社 copies the output files to `public`.
+8. ⛩️📰 书社 copies the final resulting files to `public`.

 
 You can use `make list` to list each identified source file or include
   alongside its computed type and dependencies.
 
 You can use `make list` to list each identified source file or include
   alongside its computed type and dependencies.


@@ -70,19 +87,23 @@ As this is a Make‐based program, steps will only be run if the
   corresponding buildfile or output file is older than its
   prerequisites.
 
   corresponding buildfile or output file is older than its
   prerequisites.
 

-## Namespaces
+## Name·spaces

 
 

-The ⛩️📰 书社 namespace is `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4`.
+The ⛩️📰 书社 name·space is `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4`.

 
 

-This document uses a few namespace prefixes, with the following
+This document uses a few name·space prefixes, with the following

   meanings :⁠—
 
   meanings :⁠—
 

-|   Prefix | Expansion                                  |
-| -------: | :----------------------------------------- |
-|  `html:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml`             |
-| `xlink:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink`             |
-|  `xslt:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform`     |
-|  `书社:` | `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4` |
+|     Prefix | Expansion                                     |
+| ---------: | :-------------------------------------------- |
+| `catalog:` | `urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog` |
+|    `exsl:` | `http://exslt.org/common`                     |
+| `exslstr:` | `http://exslt.org/strings`                    |
+|    `html:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml`                |
+|     `svg:` | `http://www.w3.org/2000/svg`                  |
+|   `xlink:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink`                |
+|    `xslt:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform`        |
+|    `书社:` | `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4`    |

 
 ## Setup and Configuration
 
 
 ## Setup and Configuration
 


@@ -93,23 +114,29 @@ In every case, you may supply your own implementation by overriding the
 
 - `awk`
 - `cat`
 
 - `awk`
 - `cat`

+- `cksum`

 - `cp`
 - `date`
 - `echo`
 - `file`
 - `find`
 - `cp`
 - `date`
 - `echo`
 - `file`
 - `find`

+- `git` (optional; set `GIT=` to disable)
+- `grep`
+- `ln`

 - `mkdir` (requires support for `-p`)
 - `mv`
 - `od` (requires support for `-t x1`)
 - `mkdir` (requires support for `-p`)
 - `mv`
 - `od` (requires support for `-t x1`)

+- `pax` (only when generating archives)

 - `printf`
 - `rm`
 - `sed`
 - `sleep`
 - `printf`
 - `rm`
 - `sed`
 - `sleep`

-- `stat`
+- `stat` (BSD *or* GNU)

 - `test`
 - `touch`
 - `tr` (requires support for `-d`)
 - `uuencode` (requires support for `-m` and `-r`)
 - `test`
 - `touch`
 - `tr` (requires support for `-d`)
 - `uuencode` (requires support for `-m` and `-r`)

+- `uudecode` (requires support for `-m` and `-r`)

 - `xargs` (requires support for `-0`)
 - `xmlcatalog` (provided by `libxml2`)
 - `xmllint` (provided by `libxml2`)
 - `xargs` (requires support for `-0`)
 - `xmlcatalog` (provided by `libxml2`)
 - `xmllint` (provided by `libxml2`)


@@ -154,30 +181,62 @@ The following additional variables can be used to control the behaviour
   This variable is used to find the ⛩️📰 书社 `lib/` folder, which is
     expected to be in the same location.
 
   This variable is used to find the ⛩️📰 书社 `lib/` folder, which is
     expected to be in the same location.
 

-- **`MAGICDIR`:**
-  The location of the magic files to use (default: `$(THISDIR)/magic`).
+- **`MAGIC`:**
+  A white·space‐separated list of magic files to use (default:
+    `$(THISDIR)/magic/*`).
+
+- **`EXTRAMAGIC`:**
+  The value of this variable is appended to `MAGIC` by default, to
+    enable additional magic files without overriding the existing ones.

 
 - **`FINDRULES`:**
   Rules to use with `find` when searching for source files.
 
 - **`FINDRULES`:**
   Rules to use with `find` when searching for source files.

-  The default ignores hidden files, those that start with a period or
-    hyphen‐minus, and those which contain a pipe, buck, or colon.
+  The default ignores files that start with a period or hyphen‐minus,
+    those which end with a cloparen, and those which contain a hash,
+    buck, percent, asterisk, colon, semi, eroteme, bracket, backslash,
+    or pipe.
+
+- **`EXTRAFINDRULES`:**
+  The value of this variable is appended to `FINDRULES` by default, to
+    enable additional rules without overriding the existing ones.

 
 - **`FINDINCLUDERULES`:**
   Rules to use with `find` when searching for includes (default:
     `$(FINDRULES)`).
 
 
 - **`FINDINCLUDERULES`:**
   Rules to use with `find` when searching for includes (default:
     `$(FINDRULES)`).
 

+- **`EXTRAFINDINCLUDERULES`:**
+  The value of this variable is appended to `FINDINCLUDERULES` by
+    default, to enable additional rules without overriding the existing
+    ones.
+

 - **`PARSERS`:**
   A white·space‐separated list of parsers to use (default:
     `$(THISDIR)/parsers/*.xslt`).
 
 - **`PARSERS`:**
   A white·space‐separated list of parsers to use (default:
     `$(THISDIR)/parsers/*.xslt`).
 

+- **`EXTRAPARSERS`:**
+  The value of this variable is appended to `PARSERS` by default, to
+    enable additional parsers without overriding the existing ones.
+

 - **`TRANSFORMS`:**
   A white·space‐separated list of transforms to use (default:
     `$(THISDIR)/transforms/*.xslt`).
 
 - **`TRANSFORMS`:**
   A white·space‐separated list of transforms to use (default:
     `$(THISDIR)/transforms/*.xslt`).
 

+- **`EXTRATRANSFORMS`:**
+  The value of this variable is appended to `TRANSFORMS` by default, to
+    enable additional transforms without overriding the existing ones.
+

 - **`XMLTYPES`:**
   A white·space‐separated list of media types to consider X·M·L
     (default: `application/xml text/xml`).
 
 - **`XMLTYPES`:**
   A white·space‐separated list of media types to consider X·M·L
     (default: `application/xml text/xml`).
 

+- **`THISREV`:**
+  The current version of ⛩️📰 书社 (default: derived from the current
+    git tag/branch/commit).
+
+- **`SRCREV`:**
+  The current version of the source files (default: derived from the
+    current git tag/branch/commit).
+

 - **`VERBOSE`:**
   If this variable has a value, every recipe instruction will be
     printed when it runs (default: empty).
 - **`VERBOSE`:**
   If this variable has a value, every recipe instruction will be
     printed when it runs (default: empty).


@@ -206,12 +265,16 @@ Text formats with associated X·S·L·T parsers are wrapped in a H·T·M·L
 Source files whose media type does not have an associated X·S·L·T
   parser are considered “assets” and will not be transformed.
 
 Source files whose media type does not have an associated X·S·L·T
   parser are considered “assets” and will not be transformed.
 

-**☡ For compatibility with this program, source filenames must not
-  contain Ascii whitespace, colons (`:`), pipes (`|`), bucks (`$`),
-  percents (`%`) or control characters, and must not begin with a
-  hyphen‐minus (`-`).**
+**☡ For compatibility with this program, source file·names must not
+  contain Ascii white·space, colons (`:`), semis (`;`), pipes (`|`),
+  bucks (`$`), percents (`%`), hashes (`#`), asterisks (`*`), brackets
+  (`[` or `]`), erotemes (`?`), backslashes (`\`), or control
+  characters, must not begin with a hyphen‐minus (`-`), and must not
+  end with a cloparen (`)`).**

 The former characters have the potential to conflict with make syntax,
 The former characters have the potential to conflict with make syntax,

-  and a leading hyphen‐minus is confusable for a command‐line argument.
+  a leading hyphen‐minus is confusable for a command‐line argument, and
+  a trailing cloparen [activates a bug in G·N·U Make
+  3.81](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17148468/capturing-filenames-including-parentheses-with-gnu-makes-wildcard-function#comment24825307_17148894).

 
 ## Parsers
 
 
 ## Parsers
 


@@ -221,22 +284,21 @@ Parsers are used to convert plaintext files into X·M·L trees, as well
 ⛩️📰 书社 comes with some parsers; namely :⁠—
 
 - **`parsers/plain.xslt`:**
 ⛩️📰 书社 comes with some parsers; namely :⁠—
 
 - **`parsers/plain.xslt`:**

-  Wraps `text/plain` contents in a `<html:pre class="plain">` element.
+  Wraps `text/plain` contents in a `<html:pre>` element.

 
 - **`parsers/record-jar.xslt`:**
 
 - **`parsers/record-jar.xslt`:**

-  Converts `text/record-jar` contents into a
-    `<html:div class="record-jar">` of `<html:dl>` elements (one for
-    each record).
+  Converts `text/record-jar` contents into a `<html:div>` of
+    `<html:dl>` elements (one for each record).

 
 - **`parsers/tsv.xslt`:**
 
 - **`parsers/tsv.xslt`:**

-  Converts `text/tab-separated-values` contents into an
-    `<html:table class="tsv">` element.
+  Converts `text/tab-separated-values` contents into an `<html:table>`
+    element.

 
 New ⛩️📰 书社 parsers which target plaintext formats should have an
   `<xslt:template>` element with no `@name` or `@mode` and whose
   `@match` attribute…
 
 
 New ⛩️📰 书社 parsers which target plaintext formats should have an
   `<xslt:template>` element with no `@name` or `@mode` and whose
   `@match` attribute…
 

-- Starts with an appropriately‐namespaced qualified name for a
+- Starts with an appropriately‐name·spaced qualified name for a

     `<html:script>` element.
 
 - Follows this with the string `[@type=`.
     `<html:script>` element.
 
 - Follows this with the string `[@type=`.


@@ -254,8 +316,10 @@ For example, the trivial `text/plain` parser is defined as follows :⁠—
 <transform
   xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
   xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
 <transform
   xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
   xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"

+  xmlns:书社="urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4"

   version="1.0"
 >
   version="1.0"
 >

+  <书社:id>example:text/plain</书社:id>

   <template match="html:script[@type='text/plain']">
     <html:pre><value-of select="."/></html:pre>
   </template>
   <template match="html:script[@type='text/plain']">
     <html:pre><value-of select="."/></html:pre>
   </template>


@@ -270,17 +334,50 @@ Alternatively, you can set the `@书社:supported-media-types` attribute
   on the root element of the parser to override media type support
   detection.
 
   on the root element of the parser to override media type support
   detection.
 

-Parsers can also target specific dialects of X·M·L, in which case they
-  operate on the same basic principles as transforms (described below).
+Even when `@书社:supported-media-types` is set, it is a requirement
+  that each parser transform any `<html:script>` elements with a
+  `@type` which matches their registered types into something else.
+Otherwise the parser will be stuck in an endless loop.
+The result tree of applying the transform to the `<html:script>`
+  element will be reparsed (in case any new `<html:script>` elements
+  were added in its subtree), and a `@书社:parsed-by` attribute will be
+  added to each toplevel element in the result.
+The value of this attribute will be the value of the `<书社:id>`
+  toplevel element in the parser.
+
+It is possible for parsers to support zero plaintext types.
+This is useful when targeting specific dialects of X·M·L; parsers in
+  this sense operate on the same basic principles as transforms
+  (described below).

 The major distinction between X·M·L parsers and transforms is where in
   the process the transformation happens:
 Parsers are applied *prior* to embedding (and can be used to generate
   embeds); transforms are applied *after*.
 
 It is **strongly recommended** that auxillary templates in parsers be
 The major distinction between X·M·L parsers and transforms is where in
   the process the transformation happens:
 Parsers are applied *prior* to embedding (and can be used to generate
   embeds); transforms are applied *after*.
 
 It is **strongly recommended** that auxillary templates in parsers be

-  namespaced (by `@name` or `@mode`) whenever possible, to avoid
+  name·spaced (by `@name` or `@mode`) whenever possible, to avoid

   conflicts between parsers.
 
   conflicts between parsers.
 

+### Attributes added during parsing
+
+⛩️📰 书社 will add a few attributes to the output of the parsing step,
+  namely :⁠—
+
+- A `@书社:cksum` attribute on toplevel result elements, giving the
+    `cksum` checksum of the corresponding source file.
+
+- For the elements which result from parsing plaintext `<html:script>`
+    elements :⁠—
+
+  - A `@书社:parsed-by` attribute, giving a space‐separated list of
+      parsers which parsed the node.
+    (Generally, this will be a list of one, but it is possible for the
+      result of a parse to be another plaintext node, which may be
+      parsed by a different parser.)
+
+  - A `@书社:media-type` attribute, giving the identified media type of
+      the plaintext node.
+

 ## Embedding
 
 Documents can be embedded in other documents using a `<书社:link>`
 ## Embedding
 
 Documents can be embedded in other documents using a `<书社:link>`


@@ -297,6 +394,8 @@ Embeds are replaced with the parsed contents of a file, unless the file
   is an asset, in which case an `<html:object>` element is produced
   instead (with the contents of the asset file provided as a base64
   `data:` u·r·i).
   is an asset, in which case an `<html:object>` element is produced
   instead (with the contents of the asset file provided as a base64
   `data:` u·r·i).

+Embed replacements will be given a `@书社:identifier` attribute whose
+  value will match the `@xlink:href` of the embed.

 
 Embedding takes place after parsing but before transformation, so
   parsers are able to generate their own embeds.
 
 Embedding takes place after parsing but before transformation, so
   parsers are able to generate their own embeds.


@@ -304,20 +403,21 @@ Embedding takes place after parsing but before transformation, so
   and update them accordingly; it will signal an error if the
   dependencies are recursive.
 
   and update them accordingly; it will signal an error if the
   dependencies are recursive.
 

+## Output Redirection
+
+By default, ⛩️📰 书社 installs files to the same location in `DESTDIR`
+  as they were placed in their `SRCDIR`.
+This behaviour can be customized by setting the `@书社:destination`
+  attribute on the root element, whose value can give a different path.
+This attribute is read after parsing, but before transformation (where
+  it is silently dropped).
+

 ## Transforms
 
 Transforms are used to convert X·M·L files into their final output,
   after all necessary parsing and embedding has taken place.
 ⛩️📰 书社 comes with some transforms; namely :⁠—
 
 ## Transforms
 
 Transforms are used to convert X·M·L files into their final output,
   after all necessary parsing and embedding has taken place.
 ⛩️📰 书社 comes with some transforms; namely :⁠—
 

-- **`transforms/attributes.xslt`:**
-  Applies transforms to the children of any `<书社:apply-attributes>`
-    elements, and then applies the attributes of the
-    `<书社:apply-attributes>` to each result child, replacing the
-    element with the result.
-  This is useful in combination with image embeds to apply alt‐text to
-    the resulting `<html:img>`.
-

 - **`transforms/asset.xslt`:**
   Converts `<html:object>` elements which correspond to recognized
     media types into the appropriate H·T·M·L elements, and deletes
 - **`transforms/asset.xslt`:**
   Converts `<html:object>` elements which correspond to recognized
     media types into the appropriate H·T·M·L elements, and deletes


@@ -332,11 +432,38 @@ Transforms are used to convert X·M·L files into their final output,
   - **`urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4:title`:**
     Provides the title of the page.
 
   - **`urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4:title`:**
     Provides the title of the page.
 

-  ⛩️📰 书社 automatically encapsulates embeds so that their metadata
-    does not propogate up to the embedding document.
+  ⛩️📰 书社 automatically encapsulates H·T·M·L embeds so that their
+    metadata does not propogate up to the embedding document.

   To undo this behaviour, remove the `@itemscope` and `@itemtype`
     attributes from the embed during the transformation phase.
 
   To undo this behaviour, remove the `@itemscope` and `@itemtype`
     attributes from the embed during the transformation phase.
 

+- **`transforms/serialization.xslt`:**
+  Replaces `<书社:serialize-xml>` elements with the (escaped)
+    serialized X·M·L of their contents.
+  This replacement happens during the application phase, after most
+    other transformations have taken place.
+
+  If a `@with-namespaces` attribute is provided, any name·space nodes
+    on the toplevel serialized elements whose U·R·I’s correspond to the
+    definitions of the provided prefixes, as defined for the
+    `<书社:serialize-xml>` element, will be declared using name·space
+    attributes on the serialized elements.
+  Otherwise, only name·space nodes which _differ_ from the definitions
+    on the `<书社:serialize-xml>` element will be declared.
+  The string `#default` may be used to represent the default
+    name·space.
+  Multiple prefixes may be provided, separated by white·space.
+
+  When it comes to name·spaces used internally by ⛩️📰 书社, the
+    prefix used by ⛩️📰 书社 may be declared _in addition to_ the
+    prefix(es) used in the source document(s).
+  It is not possible to selectively only declare one prefix for a
+    name·space to the exclusion of others.
+
+  `<书社:raw-output>` elements may be used inside of
+    `<书社:serialize-xml>` elements to inject raw output into the
+    serialized X·M·L.
+

 The following are recommendations on effective creation of
   transforms :⁠—
 
 The following are recommendations on effective creation of
   transforms :⁠—
 


@@ -344,15 +471,42 @@ The following are recommendations on effective creation of
   It is likely an error if two transforms have templates which match
     the same element (unless the templates have different priority).
 
   It is likely an error if two transforms have templates which match
     the same element (unless the templates have different priority).
 

-- Namespace templates (with `@name` or `@mode`) whenever possible.
+- Name·space templates (with `@name` or `@mode`) whenever possible.

 
 - Set `@exclude-result-prefixes` on the root `xslt:transform` element
 
 - Set `@exclude-result-prefixes` on the root `xslt:transform` element

-    to reduce the number of declared namespaces in the final result.
+    to reduce the number of declared name·spaces in the final result.
+
+## Global Params
+
+The following params are made available globally in parsers and
+  transforms :⁠—
+
+- **`BUILDTIME`:**
+  The current time.

 
 

-The params `$buildtime`, `$srctime`, and `$path` are available within
-  transforms and are initialized to the current time, the time that the
-  source file was last modified, and the path of the output file within
-  $(DESTDIR).
+- **`CKSUM`:**
+  The checksum of the source file (⅌ `cksum`).
+
+- **`IDENTIFIER`:**
+  The ⛩️📰 书社 identifier of the source file (a u·r·i beginning with
+    `about:shushe`).
+
+- **`SRCREV`:**
+  The value of the `SRCREV` variable (if present).
+
+- **`SRCTIME`:**
+  The time at which the source file was last modified.
+
+- **`THISREV`:**
+  The value of the `THISREV` variable (if present).
+
+The following params are only available in transforms :⁠—
+
+- **`CATALOG`:**
+  The path of the catalog file (within `BUILDDIR`).
+
+- **`PATH`:**
+  The path of the output file (within `DESTDIR`).

 
 ## Output Wrapping
 
 
 ## Output Wrapping
 


@@ -406,11 +560,62 @@ This mechanism can be used to allow transforms to insert content
 Output wrapping can be entirely disabled by adding a
   `@书社:disable-output-wrapping` attribute to the top‐level element in
   the result tree.
 Output wrapping can be entirely disabled by adding a
   `@书社:disable-output-wrapping` attribute to the top‐level element in
   the result tree.

+It will not be performed on outputs whose root elements are
+  `<书社:archive>`, `<书社:base64-binary>`, or `<书社:raw-text>`
+  (described below).
+
+## Applying Attributes
+
+The `<书社:apply-attributes>` element will apply any attributes on the
+  element to the element(s) it wraps.
+It is especially useful in combination with embeds.
+
+The `<书社:apply-attributes-to-root>` element will apply any attributes
+  on the element to the root node of the final transformation result.
+It is especially useful in combination with output wrapping.
+
+In both cases, attributes from various sources are combined with
+  white·space between them.
+Attribute application takes place after all ordinary transforms have
+  completed.
+
+Both elements ignore attributes in the `xml:` name·space, except for
+  `@xml:lang`, which ignores all but the first definition (including
+  any already present on the root element).
+On H·T·M·L and S·V·G elements, `@lang` has the same behaviour as
+  `@xml:lang`.
+
+## Other Kinds of Output
+
+There are a few special elements in the `书社:` name·space which, if
+  they appear as the toplevel element in a transformation result, cause
+  ⛩️📰 书社 to produce something other than an X·M·L file.
+They are :⁠—
+
+- **`<书社:archive>`:**
+  Each child element with a `@书社:archived-as` attribute will be
+    archived as a separate file in a resulting tarball (this attribute
+    gives the file name).
+  These elements will be processed the same as the root elements of any
+    other file (e·g, they will be wrapped; they can themselves specify
+    non X·M·L output types, ⁊·c).
+  Other child elements will be ignored.
+
+- **`<书社:base64-binary>`:**
+  The text nodes in the transformation result will, after removing all
+    Ascii whitespace, be treated as a Base·64 string, which is then
+    decoded.
+
+- **`<书社:raw-text>`:**
+  A plaintext (U·T·F‐8) file will be produced from the text nodes in
+    the transformation result.

 
 ## License
 
 
 ## License
 

-Source files are licensed under the terms of the <cite>Mozilla Public
-  License, version 2.0</cite>.
-For more information, see [LICENSE](./LICENSE).
+This repository conforms to [REUSE][].
+
+Most source files are licensed under the terms of the <cite>Mozilla
+  Public License, version 2.0</cite>.

 
 

-[draft-phillips-record-jar-01]: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-phillips-record-jar-01>
\ No newline at end of file
+[REUSE]: <https://reuse.software/spec/>
+[draft-phillips-record-jar-01]: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-phillips-record-jar-01>