X-Git-Url: https://git.ladys.computer/Shushe/blobdiff_plain/540047bcda4be5d3782bf16af78965da64f61149..12c64c8b59e7e572988aa4fa39964043bdf67bfe:/README.markdown diff --git a/README.markdown b/README.markdown index de82209..31a7333 100644 --- a/README.markdown +++ b/README.markdown @@ -1,8 +1,12 @@ -# ⛩️📰 书社 + +# ⛩📰 书社 -An X·S·L·T‐based static site generator. +A make·file for X·M·L. -⛩️📰 书社 aims to make it easy to generate websites with +⛩📰 书社 aims to make it easy to generate websites with X·S·L·T and G·N·U Make. It is consequently only a good choice for people who like X·S·L·T and G·N·U Make and wish it were easier to make websites with them. @@ -17,7 +21,12 @@ It makes things easier by :⁠— - Enabling easy inclusion of source files within each other. It aims to do this with zero dependencies beyond the programs already - installed on your computer. + installed on your computer†. + +† Assuming an operating system with a fairly featureful, and + Posix‐compliant, development setup (e·g, Macintosh ≥ version 10.8). +In fact, on Linux you will probably need to install a few programs: + `libxml2-utils`, `xsltproc`, `sharutils`, and `pax`. ## Nomenclature @@ -36,33 +45,129 @@ In Japanese, it is an alternate spelling for やしろ, The name 书社 was chosen to play on this pun, as it is intended as a publishing program for webshrines. -In Ascii environments, ⛩️📰 书社 should be written `Shushe`, following +In Ascii environments, ⛩📰 书社 should be written `Shushe`, following the pinyin transliteration. +## Prerequisites + +In most cases, ⛩📰 书社 aims to require only functionality which is + present in all Posix‐compliant (`POSIX.1-2001`) operating systems. +There are a few exceptions. +Details on particular programs are given below; if a program is not + listed, it is assumed that any Posix‐compliant implementation will + work. + +### `diff` + +This is a Posix utility, but ⛩📰 书社 depends on functionality + introduced after `POSIX.1-2001` (the `-u` option, introduced in + `POSIX.1-2008`). +Macintosh systems somewhat interestingly implement this option + correctly in legacy mode (`COMMAND_MODE=legacy`) but incorrectly by + default (despite claiming `POSIX.1-2008` conformance for this + utility). +[Note this erroneous comment claiming nanosecond & timezone are + extensions rather than standardized.][rdar-92753335] +Despite this, the default Macintosh implementation will still work with + ⛩📰 书社, with the caveat that the timestamp will only include a + fractional component when a Posix⹀compliant (e·g, Macintosh legacy or + G·N·U) implementation is used. + +### `file` + +This is a Posix utility, but it was considered optional in + `POSIX.1-2001` (altho it was made mandatory in `POSIX.1-2008`) and + ⛩📰 书社 currently depends on unspecified behaviour. +It requires support for the following additional options :⁠— + +- **`-C`**, when supplied with `-m`, must be useable to compile a + `.mgc` magicfile for use with future invocations of `file`. + +- **`--files-from`** must be useable to provide a file that `file` + should read file·names from, and `-` must be useable in this + context to specify the standard input. + +- **`--mime-type`** must cause `file` to print the internet media type + of the file with no charset parameter. + +- **`--separator`** must be useable to set the separator that `file` + uses to separate file names from types. + +These options are implemented by the + [Fine Free File Command](https://darwinsys.com/file/), which is used + by most operating systems. + +### `git` + +This is not a Posix utility. +Usage of `git` is optional, but recommended (and activated by default). +To disable it, set `GIT=`. + +### `make` + +This is a Posix utility, but it is considered an optional Software + Development utility and ⛩📰 书社 currently depends on unspecified + behaviour. +⛩📰 书社 requires specifically the G·N·U version of `make`, and + depends on functionality present in version 3.81 or later. +It is not expected to work in previous versions, or with other + implementations of Make. + +### `pax` + +This is a Posix utility, but it is not included in the Linux Standard + Base or installed by default in many distributions. +⛩📰 书社 only requires support for the `ustar` format. + +### `uudecode` and `uuencode` + +These are Posix utilities, but they were considered optional in + `POSIX.1-2001` (altho they are made mandatory in `POSIX.1-2008`) and + they are not included in the Linux Standard Base or installed by + default in many distributions. +The G·N·U [Sharutils](https://www.gnu.org/software/sharutils/) package + provides one implementation. + +### `xmlcatalog` and `xmllint` + +These are not a Posix utilities. +They are a part of `libxml2`, but may need to be installed separately + on some platforms (e·g by the name `libxml2-utils`). + +### `xsltproc` + +This is not a Posix utility. +It is a part of `libxslt`, but may need to be installed separately on + some platforms. + ## Basic Usage Place source files in `sources/` and run `make install` to compile the result to `public/`. Compilation involves the following steps :⁠— -1. ⛩️📰 书社 compiles all of the magic files in `magic/` into a single +1. ⛩📰 书社 compiles all of the magic files in `magic/` into a single file, `build/magic.mgc`. -2. ⛩️📰 书社 processes all of the parsers in `parsers/` and determines +2. ⛩📰 书社 processes all of the parsers in `parsers/` and determines the list of supported plaintext types. -3. ⛩️📰 书社 identifies all of the source files and includes and uses +3. ⛩📰 书社 identifies all of the source files and includes and uses `build/magic.mgc` to classify them by media type. -4. ⛩️📰 书社 parses all plaintext and X·M·L source files and includes +4. ⛩📰 书社 parses all plaintext and X·M·L source files and includes and then builds a dependency tree between them. -5. ⛩️📰 书社 uses the dependency tree to establish prerequisites for +5. ⛩📰 书社 uses the dependency tree to establish prerequisites for each output file. -6. ⛩️📰 书社 compiles each output file to `build/public`. +6. ⛩📰 书社 compiles each output file to `build/result`. -7. ⛩️📰 书社 copies the output files to `public`. +7. ⛩📰 书社 copies most output files from `build/result` to + `build/public`, but it does some additional processing instead on + those which indicate a non‐X·M·L desired final output form. + +8. ⛩📰 书社 copies the final resulting files to `public`. You can use `make list` to list each identified source file or include alongside its computed type and dependencies. @@ -70,53 +175,63 @@ As this is a Make‐based program, steps will only be run if the corresponding buildfile or output file is older than its prerequisites. -## Namespaces +## Name·spaces -The ⛩️📰 书社 namespace is `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4`. +The ⛩📰 书社 name·space is `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4`. -This document uses a few namespace prefixes, with the following +This document uses a few name·space prefixes, with the following meanings :⁠— -| Prefix | Expansion | -| -------: | :----------------------------------------- | -| `html:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml` | -| `xlink:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink` | -| `xslt:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform` | -| `书社:` | `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4` | +| Prefix | Expansion | +| ---------: | :-------------------------------------------- | +| `catalog:` | `urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog` | +| `exsl:` | `http://exslt.org/common` | +| `exslstr:` | `http://exslt.org/strings` | +| `html:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml` | +| `svg:` | `http://www.w3.org/2000/svg` | +| `xlink:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink` | +| `xslt:` | `http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform` | +| `书社:` | `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4` | ## Setup and Configuration -⛩️📰 书社 depends on the following programs to run. +⛩📰 书社 depends on the following programs to run. In every case, you may supply your own implementation by overriding the corresponding (allcaps) variable (e·g, set `MKDIR` to supply your own `mkdir` implementation). - `awk` - `cat` +- `cd` +- `cksum` - `cp` - `date` -- `echo` +- `diff` - `file` - `find` -- `mkdir` (requires support for `-p`) +- `git` (optional; set `GIT=` to disable) +- `grep` +- `ln` +- `mkdir` - `mv` -- `od` (requires support for `-t x1`) +- `od` +- `pax` (only when generating archives) - `printf` - `rm` - `sed` - `sleep` -- `stat` - `test` - `touch` -- `tr` (requires support for `-d`) -- `uuencode` (requires support for `-m` and `-r`) -- `xargs` (requires support for `-0`) +- `tr` +- `uuencode` +- `uudecode` +- `xargs` - `xmlcatalog` (provided by `libxml2`) - `xmllint` (provided by `libxml2`) - `xsltproc` (provided by `libxslt`) The following additional variables can be used to control the behaviour - of ⛩️📰 书社 :⁠— + of ⛩📰 书社 :⁠— - **`SRCDIR`:** The location of the source files (default: `sources`). @@ -132,7 +247,7 @@ The following additional variables can be used to control the behaviour - **`BUILDDIR`:** The location of the (temporary) build directory (default: `build`). `make clean` will delete this, and it is recommended that it not be - used for programs aside from ⛩️📰 书社. + used for programs aside from ⛩📰 书社. - **`DESTDIR`:** The location of directory to output files to (default: `public`). @@ -148,35 +263,83 @@ The following additional variables can be used to control the behaviour ensure stale content is removed. - **`THISDIR`:** - The location of the ⛩️📰 书社 `GNUmakefile`. + The location of the ⛩📰 书社 `GNUmakefile`. This should be set automatically when calling Make and shouldn’t ever need to be set manually. - This variable is used to find the ⛩️📰 书社 `lib/` folder, which is + This variable is used to find the ⛩📰 书社 `lib/` folder, which is expected to be in the same location. -- **`MAGICDIR`:** - The location of the magic files to use (default: `$(THISDIR)/magic`). +- **`MAGIC`:** + A white·space‐separated list of magic files to use (default: + `$(THISDIR)/magic/*`). + +- **`EXTRAMAGIC`:** + The value of this variable is appended to `MAGIC` by default, to + enable additional magic files without overriding the existing ones. - **`FINDRULES`:** Rules to use with `find` when searching for source files. - The default ignores hidden files, those that start with a period or - hyphen‐minus, and those which contain a pipe, buck, or colon. + The default ignores files that start with a period or hyphen‐minus, + those which end with a cloparen, and those which contain a hash, + buck, percent, asterisk, colon, semi, eroteme, bracket, backslash, + or pipe. + It is important that these rules not produce any output, as anything + printed to `stdout` will be considered a result of the find. + +- **`EXTRAFINDRULES`:** + The value of this variable is appended to `FINDRULES` by default, to + enable additional rules without overriding the existing ones. - **`FINDINCLUDERULES`:** Rules to use with `find` when searching for includes (default: `$(FINDRULES)`). +- **`EXTRAFINDINCLUDERULES`:** + The value of this variable is appended to `FINDINCLUDERULES` by + default, to enable additional rules without overriding the existing + ones. + - **`PARSERS`:** A white·space‐separated list of parsers to use (default: `$(THISDIR)/parsers/*.xslt`). +- **`EXTRAPARSERS`:** + The value of this variable is appended to `PARSERS` by default, to + enable additional parsers without overriding the existing ones. + - **`TRANSFORMS`:** A white·space‐separated list of transforms to use (default: `$(THISDIR)/transforms/*.xslt`). +- **`EXTRATRANSFORMS`:** + The value of this variable is appended to `TRANSFORMS` by default, to + enable additional transforms without overriding the existing ones. + - **`XMLTYPES`:** - A white·space‐separated list of media types to consider X·M·L - (default: `application/xml text/xml`). + A white·space‐separated list of media types or media type suffixes to + consider X·M·L (default: `application/xml text/xml +xml`). + +- **`FINALIZE`:** + A program to run on (unspecial) X·M·L files after they are + transformed (default: `xmllint --nonet --nsclean`). + This variable can be used for postprocessing. + +- **`THISREV`:** + The current version of ⛩📰 书社 (default: derived from the current + git tag/branch/commit). + +- **`SRCREV`:** + The current version of the source files (default: derived from the + current git tag/branch/commit). + +- **`QUIET`:** + If this variable has a value, informative messages will not be + printed (default: empty). + Informative messages print to stderr, not stdout, so disabling them + usually shouldn’t be necessary. + This does not (cannot) disable messages from Make itself, for which + the `-s`, `--silent` ∕ `--quiet` Make option is more likely to be + useful. - **`VERBOSE`:** If this variable has a value, every recipe instruction will be @@ -206,37 +369,40 @@ Text formats with associated X·S·L·T parsers are wrapped in a H·T·M·L Source files whose media type does not have an associated X·S·L·T parser are considered “assets” and will not be transformed. -**☡ For compatibility with this program, source filenames must not - contain Ascii whitespace, colons (`:`), pipes (`|`), bucks (`$`), - percents (`%`) or control characters, and must not begin with a - hyphen‐minus (`-`).** +**☡ For compatibility with this program, source file·names must not + contain Ascii white·space, colons (`:`), semis (`;`), pipes (`|`), + bucks (`$`), percents (`%`), hashes (`#`), asterisks (`*`), brackets + (`[` or `]`), erotemes (`?`), backslashes (`\`), or control + characters, must not begin with a hyphen‐minus (`-`), and must not end + with a cloparen (`)`).** The former characters have the potential to conflict with make syntax, - and a leading hyphen‐minus is confusable for a command‐line argument. + a leading hyphen‐minus is confusable for a commandline argument, and a + trailing cloparen [activates a bug in G·N·U Make + 3.81](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17148468/capturing-filenames-including-parentheses-with-gnu-makes-wildcard-function#comment24825307_17148894). ## Parsers Parsers are used to convert plaintext files into X·M·L trees, as well as convert plaintext formats which are already included inline in existing source X·M·L documents. -⛩️📰 书社 comes with some parsers; namely :⁠— +⛩📰 书社 comes with some parsers; namely :⁠— - **`parsers/plain.xslt`:** - Wraps `text/plain` contents in a `` element. + Wraps `text/plain` contents in a `` element. - **`parsers/record-jar.xslt`:** - Converts `text/record-jar` contents into a - `` of `` elements (one for - each record). + Converts `text/record-jar` contents into a `` of + `` elements (one for each record). - **`parsers/tsv.xslt`:** - Converts `text/tab-separated-values` contents into an - `` element. + Converts `text/tab-separated-values` contents into an `` + element. -New ⛩️📰 书社 parsers which target plaintext formats should have an +New ⛩📰 书社 parsers which target plaintext formats should have an `` element with no `@name` or `@mode` and whose `@match` attribute… -- Starts with an appropriately‐namespaced qualified name for a +- Starts with an appropriately‐name·spaced qualified name for a `` element. - Follows this with the string `[@type=`. @@ -254,15 +420,17 @@ For example, the trivial `text/plain` parser is defined as follows :⁠— + <书社:id>example:text/plain ``` -⛩️📰 书社 will scan the provided parsers for this pattern to determine +⛩📰 书社 will scan the provided parsers for this pattern to determine the set of allowed plaintext file types. Multiple such `` elements may be provided in a single parser, for example if the parser supports multiple media types. @@ -270,17 +438,54 @@ Alternatively, you can set the `@书社:supported-media-types` attribute on the root element of the parser to override media type support detection. -Parsers can also target specific dialects of X·M·L, in which case they - operate on the same basic principles as transforms (described below). +Even when `@书社:supported-media-types` is set, it is a requirement + that each parser transform any `` elements with a + `@type` which matches their registered types into something else. +Otherwise the parser will be stuck in an endless loop. +The result tree of applying the transform to the `` + element will be reparsed (in case any new `` elements + were added in its subtree), and a `@书社:parsed-by` attribute will be + added to each toplevel element in the result. +The value of this attribute will be the value of the `<书社:id>` + toplevel element in the parser. + +It is possible for parsers to support zero plaintext types. +This is useful when targeting specific dialects of X·M·L; parsers in + this sense operate on the same basic principles as transforms + (described below). The major distinction between X·M·L parsers and transforms is where in the process the transformation happens: Parsers are applied *prior* to embedding (and can be used to generate embeds); transforms are applied *after*. It is **strongly recommended** that auxillary templates in parsers be - namespaced (by `@name` or `@mode`) whenever possible, to avoid + name·spaced (by `@name` or `@mode`) whenever possible, to avoid conflicts between parsers. +### Attributes added during parsing + +⛩📰 书社 will add a few attributes to elements which result from + parsing plaintext `` elements. +These include :⁠— + +- A `@书社:parsed-by` attribute, giving a space‐separated list of + parsers which parsed the node. + (Generally, this will be a list of one, but it is possible for the + result of a parse to be another plaintext node, which may be parsed + by a different parser.) + +- A `@书社:media-type` attribute, giving the identified media type of + the plaintext node. + +## Output Redirection + +By default, ⛩📰 书社 installs files to the same location in `DESTDIR` + as they were placed in their `SRCDIR`. +This behaviour can be customized by setting the `@书社:destination` + attribute on the root element, whose value can give a different path. +This attribute is read after parsing, but before transformation (where + it is silently dropped). + ## Embedding Documents can be embedded in other documents using a `<书社:link>` @@ -297,41 +502,53 @@ Embeds are replaced with the parsed contents of a file, unless the file is an asset, in which case an `` element is produced instead (with the contents of the asset file provided as a base64 `data:` u·r·i). +Embed replacements will be given a `@书社:identifier` attribute whose + value will match the `@xlink:href` of the embed. Embedding takes place after parsing but before transformation, so parsers are able to generate their own embeds. -⛩️📰 书社 is able to detect the transitive embed dependencies of files +⛩📰 书社 is able to detect the transitive embed dependencies of files and update them accordingly; it will signal an error if the dependencies are recursive. -## Output Redirection +### Attributes added during expansion -By default, ⛩️📰 书社 installs files to the same location in `DESTDIR` - as they were placed in their `SRCDIR`. -This behaviour can be customized by setting the `@书社:destination` - attribute on the root element, whose value can give a different path. -This attribute is read after parsing, but before transformation (where - it is silently dropped). +⛩📰 书社 will add a few attributes to toplevel result elements, both + in the main document and any embedded documents, during the expansion + phase prior to the main transformation. +These include :⁠— + +- A `@书社:cksum` attribute giving the `cksum` checksum of the + corresponding source file. + +- A `@书社:mtime` attribute giving the last modified time of the + corresponding source file. + +- A `@书社:identifier` attribute giving the ⛩📰 书社 identifier + (i·e, starting with `about:shushe?`) of the corresponding source + file. + +- For elements in the `html` namespace, an `itemscope` attribute and an + `itemtype` attribute with a value of + `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4:document` (for the main + document) or `urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4:embed` (for + embedded documents). + These attributes are used to scope any nested `` elements + with `@itemprop` attributes to their containing documents. ## Transforms Transforms are used to convert X·M·L files into their final output, after all necessary parsing and embedding has taken place. -⛩️📰 书社 comes with some transforms; namely :⁠— - -- **`transforms/attributes.xslt`:** - Applies transforms to the children of any `<书社:apply-attributes>` - elements, and then applies the attributes of the - `<书社:apply-attributes>` to each result child, replacing the - element with the result. - This is useful in combination with image embeds to apply alt‐text to - the resulting ``. +⛩📰 书社 comes with some transforms; namely :⁠— - **`transforms/asset.xslt`:** Converts `` elements which correspond to recognized media types into the appropriate H·T·M·L elements, and deletes `` elements from the body of the document and moves them to the head. + This conversion happens during the application phase, after the main + transformation. - **`transforms/metadata.xslt`:** Provides basic `` metadata. @@ -341,11 +558,38 @@ Transforms are used to convert X·M·L files into their final output, - **`urn:fdc:ladys.computer:20231231:Shu1She4:title`:** Provides the title of the page. - ⛩️📰 书社 automatically encapsulates embeds so that their metadata - does not propogate up to the embedding document. + ⛩📰 书社 automatically encapsulates H·T·M·L embeds so that their + metadata does not propogate up to the embedding document. To undo this behaviour, remove the `@itemscope` and `@itemtype` attributes from the embed during the transformation phase. +- **`transforms/serialization.xslt`:** + Replaces `<书社:serialize-xml>` elements with the (escaped) + serialized X·M·L of their contents. + This replacement happens during the application phase, after most + other transformations have taken place. + + If a `@with-namespaces` attribute is provided, any name·space nodes + on the toplevel serialized elements whose U·R·I’s correspond to the + definitions of the provided prefixes, as defined for the + `<书社:serialize-xml>` element, will be declared using name·space + attributes on the serialized elements. + Otherwise, only name·space nodes which _differ_ from the definitions + on the `<书社:serialize-xml>` element will be declared. + The string `#default` may be used to represent the default + name·space. + Multiple prefixes may be provided, separated by white·space. + + When it comes to name·spaces used internally by ⛩📰 书社, the + prefix used by ⛩📰 书社 may be declared _in addition to_ the + prefix(es) used in the source document(s). + It is not possible to selectively only declare one prefix for a + name·space to the exclusion of others. + + `<书社:raw-output>` elements may be used inside of + `<书社:serialize-xml>` elements to inject raw output into the + serialized X·M·L. + The following are recommendations on effective creation of transforms :⁠— @@ -353,23 +597,42 @@ The following are recommendations on effective creation of It is likely an error if two transforms have templates which match the same element (unless the templates have different priority). -- Namespace templates (with `@name` or `@mode`) whenever possible. +- Name·space templates (with `@name` or `@mode`) whenever possible. - Set `@exclude-result-prefixes` on the root `xslt:transform` element - to reduce the number of declared namespaces in the final result. + to reduce the number of declared name·spaces in the final result. -The params `$buildtime`, `$srctime`, and `$path` are available within - transforms and are initialized to the current time, the time that the - source file was last modified, and the path of the output file within - $(DESTDIR). +## Global Params + +The following params are made available globally in parsers and + transforms :⁠— + +- **`BUILDTIME`:** + The current time. + +- **`IDENTIFIER`:** + The ⛩📰 书社 identifier of the source file (a u·r·i beginning with + `about:shushe`). + +- **`SRCREV`:** + The value of the `SRCREV` variable (if present). + +- **`THISREV`:** + The value of the `THISREV` variable (if present). ## Output Wrapping -⛩️📰 书社 will wrap the final output of the transforms in appropriate - `` and `` elements, so it is not necessary for - transforms to do this explicitly. -After performing the initial transform, ⛩️📰 书社 will match the root - node of the result in the following modes to fill in areas of the +Provided at least one toplevel result element belongs to the H·T·M·L + namespace, ⛩📰 书社 will wrap the final output of the transforms in + appropriate `` and `` elements, so it is not + necessary for transforms to do this explicitly. +If a toplevel result element _is_ a `` and `` + element, it will be merged with the one that ⛩📰 书社 creates. +Consequently, wrapping the result in a `` element can be + used to enable wrapping for non‐H·T·M·L content, when desired. + +As a part of this process, after performing the initial transform + ⛩📰 书社 will match in the following modes to fill in areas of the wrapper :⁠— - **`书社:header`:** @@ -384,16 +647,13 @@ After performing the initial transform, ⛩️📰 书社 will match the root The result of matching in this mode is inserted into the `` of the output. -In addition to being called with the transform result, each of these - modes will additionally be called with a `` element - corresponding to each transform. -If a transform has a `<书社:id>` top‐level element whose value is an - i·r·i, its `` element will have a corresponding - `@书社:id` attribute. -This mechanism can be used to allow transforms to insert content - without matching any elements in the result; for example, the - following transform adds a link to a stylesheet to the `` - of every page :⁠— +The document being matched will contain the full transform result + prior to wrapping as well as an `<书社:id>` element for each + transform. +The latter elements can be matched to enable transforms to provide + content _without_ matching any elements in the result; for example, + the following transform adds a link to a stylesheet to the + `` of every page :⁠— ```xml @@ -406,7 +666,7 @@ This mechanism can be used to allow transforms to insert content version="1.0" > <书社:id>example:add-stylesheet-links.xslt -