# Pre‐Zheshoi Pre‐Zheshoi is the hypothetical ancestor language to Zheshoi (_ʒeßoı_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /ʑɪɕɵɪ/; Pre‐Zheshoi: /ʒeɘʃɵɪ/), providing a lexical and (rudimentary) syntactic base from which the latter can be developed. It is one possible synthesis of the Jastu⹀Fizonal languages, which were developed by [][@:Lady] when she was in high school and college. : Language codes `art-Latn-x-qjx` (preferred); `qjx` (in restricted environments) ## aim and scope Pre‐Zheshoi does not aim to be a complete, speakable language. It aims to make the creation of such a language straightforward and possible. ## sources Pre‐Zheshoi is derived “primarily” from [Jastugay][]{title="Jastugay: Documentation and Dictionary"}, which is to say that Jastugay forms the basis of its phonological system and grammars. [Elrex][]{title="Elrex: Documentation and Dictionary"} and [Eho][]{title="Eho: Documentation and Dictionary"} make a minor vocabulary contribution. A more significant contribution comes in the form of [Proto⹀Fizonal][]{title="Proto‐Fizonal: Documentation and Dictionary"}, which provides significant vocabulary diversity and additional grammatical concepts to adopt. [Eho]: https://langdev.ladys.computer/ urn:fdc:langdev.xyz:20160819:jsv:eho/ [Elrex]: https://langdev.ladys.computer/ urn:fdc:langdev.xyz:20160819:jsv:lrx/ [Jastugay]: https://langdev.ladys.computer/ urn:fdc:langdev.xyz:20160819:jsv:jst/ [Proto⹀Fizonal]: https://langdev.ladys.computer/ urn:fdc:langdev.xyz:20160819:fzn:proto/ The timeline of word adoption relative to other phonological shifts in the language is as follows:8--: - Jastugay loses phonemic /n/ to vowel nasalization. - Jastugay merges /m/\~/w/, /z/\~/ʒ/, and /f/\~/v/. - Jastugay /d/ shifts to /ɾ/. /d.s/ becomes /t͡ʃ/ and /s.t/ becomes /ʃ/. - Several Jastugay consonants are given voiced realizations:8--: /f/ > /v/\~/β/, /s/ > /z/, /t/ > /n/, /x/ > /ŋ/. The older, devoiced realizations persisted in cases where the consonant was in a syllable coda and followed by /h/. Note that /f/ was not permitted in syllable codas, and consequently became voiced in every instance. - Words from other lanugages are adopted. Voicing becomes fully phonemic in most cases. - /n/ shifts to /d/, except before other coronal consonants. /ŋ/ shifts to /ɣ/\~/ʕ/ in all cases. ## orthography Pre‐Zheshoi uses a Latin orthography with a few additional letters. Ten of these letters are assigned corresponding digits for use in Ascii environments: schwa (Ə) = 0, lambda (Ꟛ) = 1, R⹀rotunda (Ꝛ) = 2, yr (Ʀ) = 3, cuatrillo (Ꜭ) = 4, ezh (Ʒ) = 5, eszett (ẞ) = 6, glottal stop (Ɂ) = 7, ou (Ȣ) = 8, and gha (Ƣ) = 9. Because font support for lambda and cuatrillo may be lacking, turned⹀L (Ꞁ) and turned⹀H (Ɥ) are established as alternates. | Letter | Alternate | Ascii Digit | |-------:|:---------:|:------------| | Ə | ⸺ | 0 | | Ꟛ | Ꞁ | 1 | | Ꝛ | ⸺ | 2 | | Ʀ | ⸺ | 3 | | Ꜭ | Ɥ | 4 | | Ʒ | ⸺ | 5 | | ẞ | ⸺ | 6 | | Ɂ | ⸺ | 7 | | Ȣ | ⸺ | 8 | | Ƣ | ⸺ | 9 | A small number of additional vowels are used, which are treated as pairs of vowels in Ascii environments. | Letter | Ascii | |-------:|:------| | Ä | AA | | Å | AU | | Æ | AE | Dotless I is used in place of dotted I to indicate iotization of a preceding vowel. In Ascii, use of the dotted form is acceptable. The following Latin letters are not used:8--: B, C, F, L, Q, R. Consequently, the complete alphabet (in recommended sorting order) consists of the following 33 letters:8--: Ɂ, A, Ä, Å, Æ, D, E, Ə, G, H, I, J, Ꜭ, K, Ꟛ, M, N, O, Ȣ, P, Ƣ, Ꝛ, Ʀ, S, ẞ, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Ʒ. ### Anglicization As noted above, the recommended practice when writing Pre‐Zheshoi words in Ascii environments is to use Ascii digits to encode letters outside of Basic Latin. However, there is a separate need for Anglicization rules when converting Pre‐Zheshoi words into a form usable with English text. Current best‐practice is to leave the original spelling as intact as possible, despite the fact that this will make the pronunciation less obvious for native speakers. The remaining equivalencies are as follows:8--: | Pre‐Zheshoi | Anglicized | |------------:|:-------------| | Ɂ | [apostrophe] | | Ä | AA | | Å | AU | | Æ | AE | | Ə | UW | | Ꜭ | CH | | Ꟛ | L | | Ȣ | OU | | Ƣ | Q | | Ꝛ | R | | Ʀ | R | | ẞ | SH | | Ʒ | ZH | ## vocabulary Lexical words can have up to three forms. The root form is the base lexical form of the word, and the prefix form is a variant which can be used when making semantic derivations from other words. Verbals can additionally have a suffix form, which can be used to make verbal derivations only with the meaning “while ⁓ing”. ## phonology ### consonants Pre‐Zheshoi has front, midfront, mid, midback, and back consonants with nasal, stop, fricative, and approximant articulations. The front fricative and stop are analysed as a voicing pair, as are the back stop and fricative (even tho neither of the latter are technically voiced). The mid stops are in fact affricates. | Place / Manner | Front | Midfront | Mid | Midback | Back | |-------------------:|:-----:|:--------:|:----------:|:-------:|:-----:| | Voiced Stop | ⸺ | d /d/ | j /d͡ʒ/ | g /g/ | ɂ /ʔ/ | | Devoiced Stop | p /p/ | t /t/ | ꜭ /t͡ʃ/ | k /k/ | ⸺ | | Voiced Fricative | v /β/ | z /z/ | ʒ /ʒ/ | ƣ /ʕ/ | ⸺ | | Devoiced Fricative | ⸺ | s /s/ | ß /ʃ/ | x /χ/ | h /h/ | | Sonorant | m /m/ | n /n/ | ʀ /ɾ/\~/l/ | y /j/ | w /w/ | _ʀ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr}, _y_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} and _w_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} are medials, and can only phonemically appear following another consonant in a syllable onset (multiple can appear, but only in the order _w_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr}, _ʀ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr}, _y_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr}); note, however, when the preceding consonant is _ɂ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr}, it is typically not pronounced. _ʀ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} is pronounced [l] after other midfront or mid consonants and [ɾ] otherwise. _hw_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} is typically realized as [ʍ]. All other consonants may appear in syllable onsets. No other combinations are permitted. In codas, _g_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} and _k_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} are not phonemically permitted in Pre‐Zheshoi, as they are considered indistinguishable from _ƣ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} and _x_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr}. Likewise, _n_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} may be realized as either [m] or [n] in codas, but it is phonemically considered _n_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} regardless and _m_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} is not permitted. All other single nonsonorant consonants are permitted; there are no valid combinations. The mapping of phonemes from ancestor languages into the Pre‐Zheshoi consonant inventory is not always trivial or obvious. The following sections provide notes on the process. #### stops and fricatives With the exception of _g_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} and _k_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}, these consonants may appear in either the onset or the coda of a syllable. : _z_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /z/ In Jastugay, this consonant was originally realized as /s/, but became voiced sometime after historic /z/ merged with /ʒ/. Neither sound is evidenced in Proto⹀Fizonal. : Jastugay _s_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /s/ : _s_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /s/ This consonant is the devoiced variant of _z_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}. : Elrex: _s_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /s/ : Jastugay: _sh_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /s.h/ : _ƣ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /ʕ/ In Jastugay, this consonant was originally pronounced /x/, but it later became voiced and merged with /ŋ/ in other languages. The pronunciation has gradually shifted further back, and it is often articulated as an approximant. : Jastugay _ħ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /x/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _q_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /ŋ/ : _x_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /χ/ This consonant is the devoiced variant of _ƣ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}. It was common in most Jastu⹀Fizonal languages but not present in Proto⹀Fizonal. : Eho _h_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qho} /x/\~/h/ : Elrex _h_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /x/\~/h/ : Jastugay _ħh_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /x.h/ : _d_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /d/ In Jastugay, this consonant was originally pronounced /t/, but it later became voiced and merged with /n/ in other languages. : Elrex _n_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /n/ (except when followed by another coronal consonant) : Jastugay _t_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /t/ (except when followed by another coronal consonant) : Proto⹀Fizonal _n_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /n/ (except when followed by another coronal consonant) : _t_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /t/ This consonant is the devoiced variant of _d_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}. Most languages included this phoneme. : Elrex _t_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /t/ : Jastugay _th_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /t.h/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _t_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /t/ : _j_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /d͡ʒ/ This consonant has persisted largely unmodified from Jastugay. From Proto⹀Fizonal, it is adapted from /d/, as Pre‐Zheshoi did not have a /d/ phoneme at the time. : Jastugay _j_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /d͡ʒ/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _d_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /d/ : _ꜭ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /t͡ʃ/ This consonant is the devoiced variant of _j_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}. This is an exceedingly rare consonant, developing from Jastugay /d.s/ in the course of the shift from /d/ to /ɾ/. : Jastugay _ds_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /d.s/ : _ʒ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /ʒ/ In Jastugay, this consonant was historically either /z/ or /ʒ/. It has persisted largely unmodified from Proto⹀Fizonal. : Elrex _ʒ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /ʒ/ : Jastugay _ʒ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /ʒ/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _zh_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /ʒ/ : _ß_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /ʃ/ This consonant is the devoiced variant of _ʒ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}. In Jastugay, it developed as a simplification of /s.t/. It has persisted largely unmodified from Proto⹀Fizonal. : Jastugay _st_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /s.t/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _sh_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /ʃ/ : _g_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /g/ This consonant has persisted largely unmodified from both Jastugay and Proto⹀Fizonal. : Jastugay _g_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /g/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _g_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /g/ : _k_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /k/ This consonant is the devoiced variant of _g_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}. It did not appear in Jastugay, but was persisted largely unmodified from Proto⹀Fizonal. : Elrex _k_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /k/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _k_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /k/ : _v_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /β/ In Jastugay, this consonant was historically either /f/ or /v/. It originally merged to /f/, but later became voiced and merged with /v/ and /b/ in other languages. : Eho _b_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qho} /b/ : Elrex _v_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /v/ : Jastugay _f_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /f/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _b_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /b/ : _p_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /p/ This consonant is the devoiced variant of _v_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}. It has persisted largely unmodified from both Jastugay and Proto⹀Fizonal. : Jastugay _p_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /p/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _p_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /p/ : _ɂ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /ʔ/ This is the null initial consonant; it was not marked in ancestor languages. : _h_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /h/ This consonant is often analysed as a “devoiced” glottal stop. It has persisted largely unmodified from both Jastugay, but was sometimes dropped in favour of devoicing a preceding consonant. It was not phonemic in Proto⹀Fizonal. : Elrex _wh_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /ʍ/ : Jastugay _h_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /h/ #### nasal consonants Only _n_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} may appear in the coda of a syllable, where it may be realized as /m/, /n/, or /ŋ/ depending on the sound which follows. : _m_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /m/ Jastugay formerly had an /m/ sound, but it merged with /w/. Consequently, only Proto⹀Fizonal /m/ survived to Pre‐Zheshoi. : Proto⹀Fizonal _m_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /m/ : _n_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /n/ The historic /n/ sound in Jastugay was lost to vowel nasalization. A new /n/ developed from /t/ in the process of voicing it as /d/ when the following consonant was also coronal. /n/ in other languages like·wise merged to /d/ in the general case, but was preserved as /n/ when a coronal consonant followed. : Elrex _n_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /n/ (when followed by another coronal consonant) : Jastugay _t_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /t/ (when followed by another coronal consonant) : Proto⹀Fizonal _n_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /n/ (when followed by another coronal consonant) #### medial consonants These consonants follow the initial consonant in a syllable, which must be either a stop, fricative, or nasal. : _ʀ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /ɾ/\~/l/ The realization of this consonant depends on the consonant which precedes it; it can be either /ɾ/ or /l/. In Jastugay, it descends from /d/, and descends from /r/ in most other languages. : Eho _r_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qho} /ɹ/ : Elrex _r_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /ɹ/ : Jastugay _d_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /d/ : Proto⹀Fizonal _r_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /ɾ/ : _w_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /w/ In Jastugay, this sound was historically either /m/ or /w∕. It did not exist in Proto⹀Fizonal at the time that words were adopted into Pre‐Zheshoi. : Elrex _w_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /w/ : Jastugay _w_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /w/ : _y_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} /j/ This consonant was not phonemic in Jastugay, but developed from /i/. In Proto⹀Fizonal, it was preceded by a velar stop (/gj/), which was reduced to a glottal stop and eliminated on adoption into Pre‐Zheshoi. : Elrex _y_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qlr} /j/ : Jastugay _ē_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjt} /i/ before vowels : Proto⹀Fizonal _gj_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qpt} /gj/ ### vowels Vowels in Pre‐Zheshoi are categorized across several different axes. Pre‐Zheshoi exhibits vowel harmony, and the polarity of the vowel indicates which vowels it harmonizes with. As a general rule, positive vowels are more open and negative vowels are more close. Vowels may also be rounded or unrounded, and they may be iotized to form a diphthong with /ɪ/. Finally, there are two nasal vowels in Pre‐Zheshoi, one which is rounded and positive, and one which is unrounded and negative. In addition to the above distinctions, Pre‐Zheshoi exhibits a front (①) ⧵ back (②) split in its positive and neutral vowels, and it features a syllabic /ɫ̩/ which is vowel·like in most situations. The following table gives the complete inventory:8--: | Kind | Base | Iotized | Nasal | |-------------------:|:----------------------:|:-------:|:------:| | Positive Unrounded | ① a /æ/ ② ä /ɑ/ | aı /aɪ/ | ⸺ | | Positive Rounded | ① å /aʊ/ ② ȣ /ɔ/ | ȣı /ɔɪ/ | ȣꝛ /ɔ̃/ | | Neutral Unrounded | ① æ /ɛ/ ② ə /ʌ/\~/ə/ | i /i/ | ⸺ | | Neutral Rounded | u /u/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Negative Unrounded | e /eɘ/ | eı /eɪ/ | eꝛ /ẽ/ | | Negative Rounded | o /o/ | oı /ɵɪ/ | ⸺ | | Lambda | ꟛ /ɫ̩/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | The way this vowel inventory maps onto the various source languages is, perhaps unsuprisingly, complex. In Jastugay, the two base positive unrounded vowels have already merged (to /ɑ/). Negative rounded vowels are not present in any fashion. | Kind | Base | Iotized | Nasal | |-------------------:|:-------------------:|:-------:|:--------:| | Positive Unrounded | ① ⸺ ② ä /ɑ/ | ī /aɪ/ | ⸺ | | Positive Rounded | ① å /aʊ/ ② ō /ɔʊ/ | œ /ɔɪ/ | ⸺ | | Neutral Unrounded | ① ë /ɛ/ ② ə /ʌ/ | ē /i/ | ⸺ | | Neutral Rounded | u /u/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Negative Unrounded | æ /eɘ/ | ā /eɪ/ | æn /eɘn/ | | Negative Rounded | ⸺ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Lambda | l’ /ɫ̩/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | In Fizonal, short and long vowels become distinct in most cases. | Kind | Base | Iotized | Nasal | |-------------------:|:--------------------------:|:-------:|:------:| | Positive Unrounded | ① a /æ/, a: /æː/ ② o /ɒ/ | ai /aɪ/ | ⸺ | | Positive Rounded | ① au /aʊ/ ② o: /ɒː/ | oi /ɔɪ/ | ⸺ | | Neutral Unrounded | ① i /i/ ② e /ə/ | i: /iː/ | ⸺ | | Neutral Rounded | ua /uɐ/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Negative Unrounded | e: /əː/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Negative Rounded | u /u/ | u: /uː/ | ⸺ | | Lambda | l /l/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | Elrex lacks only the back positive and negative rounded vowels. | Kind | Base | Iotized | Nasal | |-------------------:|:---------------------:|:-------:|:------:| | Positive Unrounded | ① a /æ/ ② ä /ɑ/ | ī /aɪ/ | ⸺ | | Positive Rounded | ① ō /aʊ/ ② ⸺ | œ /ɔɪ/ | ōn /ɔ̃/ | | Neutral Unrounded | ① e /ɛ/ ② ə /ʌ/ | ē /i/ | ⸺ | | Neutral Rounded | u /u/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Negative Unrounded | ǽ /eə/, i /ɪ/ | ā /eɪ/ | ǽn /ẽ/ | | Negative Rounded | ⸺ | ớ /ɔaɪ/ | ⸺ | | Lambda | l /l/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | Unsuprisingly, given the small size of its known lexicon, Eho is missing a good chunk of the vowel inventory. | Kind | Base | Iotized | Nasal | |-------------------:|:-----------------:|:-------:|:------:| | Positive Unrounded | ① ⸺ ② ä /ɑ/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Positive Rounded | ① ō /aʊ/ ② ⸺ | œ /ɔɪ/ | ōn /ɔ̃/ | | Neutral Unrounded | ① ⸺ ② ⸺ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Neutral Rounded | o͡o /u/ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Negative Unrounded | i /ɪ/ | ā /eɪ/ | än /ɑ̃/ | | Negative Rounded | ⸺ | ⸺ | ⸺ | | Lambda | ⸺ | ⸺ | ⸺ | When determining the harmony of a word, the polarity of the stressed syllable takes first priority, followed by the polarity of the first non·neutral vowel in the word. If a nominal contains only neutral vowels, it has null harmony. If a verbal contains only neutral vowels, it has unmarked harmony. In the case of unmarked harmony, the etymology of the word should be used to suggest the correct polarity, favouring negative harmony if no polarity can otherwise be determined. ### known shifts and changes The following phonological changes are known to occur between Pre‐Zheshoi and Zheshoi proper:8--: - _ä_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} merges with _ȣ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} after midback consonants, and _a_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} otherwise. Similarly, _å_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} merges with _a_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} after front consonants, and _ȣ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} otherwise. - _æ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} merges to the base vowel (positive or negative) which harmonizes with the word, favouring _e_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}. - _e_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} shifts to /ɪ/. - The nasal vowels become R‐coloured: _eꝛ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} becomes /ɚ/ and _ȣꝛ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} becomes /ɔ˞/. In so doing, they lose their polarity and become generic rhotic unrounded and rounded vowels. - _Ꟛ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx} is realized as /n/ consonantally. After unrounded vowels, it shifts to /ɚ/, and after rounded vowels it shifts to /ɔ˞/. (It persists unmodified in other cases.) - When an rounded, non·iotized vowel is followed by a glottal consonant or velar fricative ∣ approximant, an /m/ is inserted between the two, and:8--: - The glottal consonant is dropped, or - The velar fricative ∣ approximant becomes /w/. - When an iotized vowel is followed by a glottal consonant or velar fricative ∣ approximant, the iotization is moved preceding the vowel as /j/. - The mid consonants move further back: /ʒ/ becomes /ʑ/ and /ʃ/ becomes /ɕ/. - Consonant codas are devoiced when the onset of the same syllable contains a voiced consonant. - Consonants in the onsets of unstressed syllables (excluding _ɂ_{as=i lang=art-Latn-x-qjx}) are devoiced when the onset of the preceding syllable is a more front stop or nasal. Mid and midfront consonants are considered equivalent with respect to this shift.