stems or words.
All noun templates place /i/ between the first two consonants of the
-root, but vary in other positions.
+root, other than the verbal noun patterns which place /ī/ there, a long
+vowel, instead.
These are summarized below, with more details below:
| pattern | description | m-d-kʰ | gender | english gloss |
Some patterns for common nouns (with the resulting noun's gender in
brackets) include "+í+o+" (f), "to+i+í+" (n), "te+i++ó" (m),
"no+i+é+" (f), "si+í+e+" (m).
+* Finally there are verbal noun patterns that are treated below.
Verbs are similarly formed by combining a semantic root with one of
several patterns.
+Unlike nouns, the patterns for verbs are grouped into several "forms",
+each form consisting of several patterns for different uses of a verb.
+The application of the patterns of a form to a given root are
+considered different variations of the same verb.
+
+Verb forms will be distinguished using a number (e.g. 1st form, 2nd
+form).
+Each form has patterns for the non-past tense stem, the past tense
+stem, the verbal noun, the active participle, and the passive
+participle.
+The verb stems must then be inflected for aspect, mood, aspect, number,
+and person to be used.
+
+The patterns for each verb form are indicated in the following table,
+with information about typical semantics and other properties of the
+forms described after the table.
+
+| Form | non-past | past | verbal noun | active part. | passive part. |
+|------|----------|--------|-------------|--------------|---------------|
+| 1st | +é++i | +e+í+ | +ī++é | +ó++o | +o+ó+ |
+| 2nd | +én+i+ | +e++ín | +î++en | +ó++on | +o+nó+ |
+
+* The 1st form refers to the action seen as most directly connected
+ with the meaning of the root.
+ They may be either transitive or intransitive depending on the
+ meaning of the verb, although ditransitive 1st form verbs are rare.
+ The verbal noun is of neuter gender.
+* The 2nd form typically has a meaning related to some action with a
+ lasting effect or impact, although in some cases it is instead an
+ emphatic or more intense version of the root's 1st-form verb.
+ They may be either transitive or intransitive.
+ The verbal noun is of neuter gender.
+* TKTK
+
+
+TKTK
### Inflectional morphology
Format: stem (root): part of speech. gloss (notes).
-Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f*eminine, **n**euter,
-**v**arying by referent), **v**erb (**t**ransitive, **i**ntransitive),
-**adj**ective.
+Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f**eminine, **n**euter,
+**v**arying by referent), **v**erb (**t**ransitive, **i**ntransitive,
+**d**itransitive), **adj**ective.
+Verbs are listed with the present stem separated from the past stem by
+a slash, but collated according the present stem.
* hêmidokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nv. orator, author, sage
* hêpisoŋ (p-s-ŋ): nv. cupbearer
* himidkʰí (m-d-kʰ): nf. word
* hipisŋí (p-s-ŋ): nf. pond, lake
+* médkhi/medíkh (m-d-kh): vi/vt. speak, say, utter
+* méndikh/medkhín (m-d-kh): vi/vt. write
* midêkʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf.sg. the Midêkʰ language
* midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nf. command, order
* midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nm. conversation, dialogue (this can refer to a spoken conversation or a written dialogue)
* mídokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. book, scroll
* mimídkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nn. pen, stylus, other writing instrument
* mipísŋo (p-s-ŋ): nn. canal
+* mīdkhé (m-d-kh): nn. utterance, speech, act of speaking
+* mîdkhen (m-d-kh): nn. text, act of writing
+* módkho (m-d-kh): adj. speaking, vocal
+* módkhon (m-d-kh): adj. literate, writing
+* modnókh (m-d-kh): adj. written, textual, literary
+* modókh (m-d-kh): adj. spoken, verbal, oral
* nomidékʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. message, letter
* ŋômidkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nm. nonsense, pathetic request
* nôpisŋo (p-s-ŋ): nm. urine
+* pénsiŋ/pesŋín (p-s-ŋ): vi/vt. pool (intr.); cover in liquid, flood, overflow (trans.)
+* pésŋi/pesíŋ (p-s-ŋ): vi. flow
* pisêŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. water
* pisésŋe (p-s-ŋ): nm. flood
* pisŋé (p-s-ŋ): nf.sg. liquids (the state of matter, and the science of its behavior)
+* pīsŋé (p-s-ŋ): nn. act of flowing
+* pîsŋen (p-s-ŋ): nn. pool, puddle, act of pooling
+* pósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. flowing, fluid
+* pósŋon (p-s-ŋ): adj. pooling, overflowing, stagnant
+* posnóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. submerged, flooded, overflowed
+* posóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. watered (as e.g. plants, soil), irrigated
* simídekʰ (m-d-kʰ): nm. language, script
* sipíseŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. mouthful (esp. of liquids)
* somídikʰ (m-d-kʰ): nn. TKTK (some sort of language place)
Lady’s Gitweb / Wiki / blobdiff