| 3p.pl.f. | gifmgí | kefmgí | | gofmgí | kifmgí |
| 3p.pl.n. | pmmrŋóp | pomrŋóp | | bmrŋóp | bomrŋóp |
-TKTK demonstratives?
+The third-person personal pronouns have two special uses:
+
+* In relative clauses, they represent the head noun within the relative
+ clause.
+* They may be placed between two noun phrases to represent that both
+ phrases have the same referent (serving a function similar to
+ apposition in English), in which case the pronoun and both
+ noun-phrases must agree in case, number, and gender.
-TKTK relative pronouns
+TKTK demonstratives?
The interrogative pronouns derive from nouns of the root L-T-M
("question"). TKTK
having a meaning akin to 'many', and "dóho" 8000 being used to refer to
'everything' or 'more than can be counted'.
-Ordinal numbers can be formed by using the prepositionalclitic "dō-"
-('of') at the start of the number: "dōhekʷkokŋ fesso" for 21st.
+Ordinal numbers can be formed by using the prepositional clitic "sē-"
+('of') at the start of the number: "sēhekʷkokŋ fesso" for 21st.
Here are the numbers one-to-twenty:
## Examples
+The sample texts will be in this format:
+
+* First, in a blockquote, the sample text is presented in (romanized)
+ Midêkʰ. For multi-sentence texts, the sentences are numbered in
+ parentheses.
+* For each sentence of the sample text, it is repeated in *_bold
+ italics_* (identified by number for multi-sentence texts).
+* Each sentence has a tabular morpheme-by-morpheme inter-linear gloss
+ and then a translation into English.
+* The glosses mostly follow the
+ [](https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/resources/glossing-rules.php){title="Leipzig
+ Glossing Rules"},
+ although the root and patterns of stems are not separated.
+
+The following all-caps abbreviations are used in the glossses:
+
+* person: 1(st-person), 2(nd-person), 3(rd-person)
+* number: S(in)G(ular), PL(ural)
+* gender: M(asculine), F(eminine), N(euter)
+* case: NOM(inative), ACC(usative), VOC(ative), DAT(ive),
+ PREP(ositional)
+* tense: P(a)ST, N(on-)P(a)st
+* aspect: CON(tinuous), HAB(itual), P(er)F(ecti)V(e)
+* mood: IND(icative), OPT(ati)V(e), S(u)BJ(uncti)V(e)
+* derivational affixes: ADJ(ectivalization)
+
Rinna's first example text will be what would translate to the English text below, but first fae needs a lottt of words and probably some more syntax to figure out.
+### A historical account
+
+> (1) petʰ tehimêh sēbotʰren sen dēkinêg dēlohêrihor tefmótʰ temidéskʰe-sēpikʲʰêtik, tedérigʷ grhêpikʲob gilohêsiloh ropo gifmóg gʲelpín gehimidkʰíhi kefmgí gedīrgʷís-róŋohipi.
+
+1: *_petʰ tehimêh sēbotʰren sen dēkinêg dēlohêrihor tefmótʰ
+dēmidéskʰe-sēpikʲʰêtik, tedérigʷ grhêpikʲob gilohêsiloh ropo gifmóg
+gʲelpín gehimidkʰíhi kefmgí gedīrgʷís-róŋohipi._*
+
+| petʰ | te-himêh | sē-botʰren | sen | dē-kinêg |
+| during | DAT-year(M.SG) | of-thirteen | of | PREP-king(M.SG) |
+
+| dē-lo-hêrihor | tefmótʰ | dē-midéskʰe-sē-pikʲʰêti-k |
+| PREP.M-ADJ-cat.person | 3.M.SG.PREP | PREP.M-command-of-horses-SG |
+
+| tedérigʷ | gr-hêpikʲob | gi-lo-hêsiloh |
+| dawn(PST.PFV.IND.3.SG) | NOM.F-fighter(SG) | NOM.F-ADJ-bird.person(SG) |
+
+| ropo | gifmóg | gʲelpín | ge-himidkʰí-hi |
+| that | 3.F.SG.NOM | take(PST.PFV.IND.3.SG) | ACC.F-word-PL |
+
+| kefmgí | ge-dīrgʷís-róŋohip-i |
+| 3.F.PL.ACC | ACC.F-dawn-sent-PL |
+
+"In the thirteenth year of Cat-King Command-of-horses, a bird fighter
+appeared who called herself (took the words) Dawn-sent."
+
+The full planned english text:
+
> In the thirteenth year of Cat-King General-of-Horses, a heron-fighter appeared who called herself Sent-by-Dawn. She said that General-of-Horses stole from the sacrifices and offended the gods. Sent-by-Dawn gathered a great army of the people and overthrew the evil king. The people clamored for her to rule them, and she declined, but for three days they surrounded her tent and clamored for her to rule them. After three days without peace or slumber, Sent-by-Dawn emerged from her tent and again the people clamored for her to rule them. Finally she took up the crown, and led the sacrifices and stole nothing from the gods. That was how the first year of Heron-Queen Sent-by-Dawn began.
TKTK
* f-p-tʰ: time
* gʲ-l-p: transfer, commerce
* h-m-h: period, cycle
+* k-n-g: own, rule
* m-d-kʰ: language
* p-kʲ-b: battle
* p-kʲʰ-t: movement
* fefépetʰ/fífepētʰ (f-p-tʰ): vi. to be possible; to be in the future
* fegʲélep/fígʲelēp (gʲ-l-p): vi. to be generous
* fehémeh/fíhemēh (h-m-h): vi. to be eternal, to be immortal
+* fekéneg/fíkenēg (k-n-g): vi. to have authority, to be respected
* femédekʰ/fímedēkʰ (m-d-kʰ): vi. to be or become sapient, to be
capable of language
* fémpetʰ/fempētʰé (f-p-tʰ): vi. to be current; to have happened
* figʲīlpí (gʲ-l-p): nm. generosity
* fihīmhí (h-m-h): nm. eternity, endless time; immortality, endless
life
+* fikīngí (k-n-g): nm. respect, authority
* fimīdkʰí (m-d-kʰ): nm. sapience
* fin: prep. as; measuring (used with the verb bémter/bemtēré to
indicate the measurement of the subject of the verb)
* fohomóh (h-m-h): adj. temporary; mortal
* fogʲolóp (gʲ-l-p): adj. ungenerous, covetous
* fogʲólpo (gʲ-l-p): adj. generous
+* fokóngo (k-n-g): adj. respected, authoritative
+* fokonóg (k-n-g): adj. disrespected, lacking authority, unable to
+ command obedience
* fomódkʰo (m-d-kʰ): adj. sapient, capable of language
* fomodókʰ (m-d-kʰ): adj. non-sapient, incapable of language, mindless
* fomótʰ: prn. third-person masculine singular nominative
* hehīméh (h-m-h): nm. act of repeating an action; repeated action
* hêhimoh (h-m-h): nv. astrologer, astronomer
* hehomhó (h-m-h): adj. being repeated (of an action)
+* hekīnég (k-n-g): nm. thing inherited/bequeathed, thing granted
+* hêkinog (k-n-g): nv. owner (especially of land)
+* hekongó (k-n-g): adj. inherited, granted; obtained by other's
+ goodwill rather than one's own action or inherent worth
* hekʷ: num. one
* hémhi/hemíh (h-m-h): vi. to happen again
* hémhit/tehémih (h-m-h): vi. to transition to the next iteration or
* hifiptʰí (f-p-tʰ): nf. a moment, second
* higʲilpí (gʲ-l-p): nf. purchase
* hihimhí (h-m-h): nf. tide
+* hikingí (k-n-g): nf. tenant
* himêh (h-m-h): nm. year
* himéshe (h-m-h): nm. a cycle, a periodic event or pattern
* himhé (h-m-h): nf.sg. cycles, repetition (in general); astrology,
always with the passive particle for buying)
* hōhemhó/hōhémoho (h-m-h): vt. to repeat an action; to cause a cyclic
event to recur
+* hōkengó/hōkénogo (k-n-g): vd. to grant or bequeath a property or
+ position (especially to an heir, child, or subordinate)
* hōmedkʰó/hōmédokʰo (m-d-kʰ): vt/vd. to dictate, to cause to say or
write
* hómho (h-m-h): adj. happening again
case)
* kefmgí: prn. third-person feminine plural accusative
* kefmóg: prn. third-person feminine singular accusative
+* kémneg/kemnēgé (k-n-g): vi. to obey, to be obedient
+* kéngi/keníg (k-n-g): vt. to own, to rule
+* kéngit/tekénig (k-n-g): v4. to share ownership of or authority over
+ something (the owned or ruled thing takes the dative case)
+* kénnig/kengín (k-n-g): vt. to conquer, to obtain by force or power
* kifmgí: prn. third-person feminine plural prepositional
* kimóg: prn. third-person feminine singular prepositional
+* kinêg (k-n-g): nm. ruler, king (as a title, it was treated as varying
+ in gender with the referent)
+* kinésge (k-n-g): nm. possessions (non-land property)
+* kinésge (k-n-g): nf. kingdom
+* kingé (k-n-g): nf. ownership (especially of land), rule, governance
+* kīngé (k-n-g): nn. fact of owning, position of authority or ownership
+* kîngen (k-n-g): nn. act of conquest
+* kīngís (k-n-g): nf. shared authority or ownership; harmony
+* kīnmóg (k-n-g): nn. obedience, act of obedience
* -kokŋ/koko: conj. and, also
+* kóngo (k-n-g): adj. ruling, owning, authoritative
+* kóngon (k-n-g): adj. conquering, mighty
+* konisgó (k-n-g): adj. sharing (with a connotation of disharmony)
+* konnóg (k-n-g): adj. conquered, weak, desired
+* konóg (k-n-g): adj. owned, ruled, subordinate
+* kónohig (k-n-g): adj. bequeathing, inheriting, granting a property or
+ position, receiving a property or position; related to the
+ relationship between owner and heir or between ruler and subordinates
+* kónsig (k-n-g): adj. sharing (with connotations of harmony); joint,
+ harmonious, collaborative
* kʰē: prn. first-person singular accusative
* kʰēné: prn. first-person plural accusative
* kʰenó: prn. first-person plural prepositional
* mifíptʰo (f-p-tʰ): nn. clock, point in time
* migʲílpo (gʲ-l-p): nn. money, coin
* mihímho (h-m-h): season, orbit
+* mikíngo (k-n-g): nn. administrator, deputy (one who manages the
+ property or domain of a ruler or land-owner)
* mimídkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nn. pen, stylus, other writing instrument
* mipíkʲbo (p-kʲ-b): nn. weapon
* mipíkʲʰto (p-kʲʰ-t): nn. speed
* mohómho (h-m-h): adj. cyclic, repeating, following a regular pattern
* mohomóh (h-m-h): adj. acyclic, not repeating, not following a regular
pattern
+* mokóngo (k-n-g): adj. obedient; tame (of animals)
+* mokonóg (k-n-g): adj. disobedient, unruly; wild (of animals)
* momódkʰo (m-d-kʰ): adj. noisy, loud
* momodókʰ (m-d-kʰ): adj. quiet, noiseless, silent
* mopókʲbo (p-kʲ-b): adj. angry (especially violently so, with a
* nobitér (b-t-r): nf. long journey on foot
* nodirégʷ (d-r-gʷ): nf. fuel for fire, firewood, kindling
* nohiméh (h-m-h): nf. period or duration of a cycle
+* nokinég (k-n-g): nf. block of rented land
* nomidékʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. message, letter
* nopikʲéb (p-kʲ-b): nf. insult; reason that a fight started
* nopikʲʰét (p-kʲʰ-t): nf. jump
* ŋôfiptʰo (f-p-tʰ): nm. delay
* ŋôgʲilpo (gʲ-l-p): nm. theft
* ŋôhimho (h-m-h): nm. mating season of a mindless animal
+* ŋôkingo (k-n-g): nm. rent, tax; thing owed to your social "superior"
* ŋômidkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nm. nonsense, pathetic request
* ŋôpikʲbo (p-kʲ-b): nm. anger, rage, fury (the connotations are of
driving to physical violences and being unjustified or unreasonable)
* sogʲílip (gʲ-l-p): nn. market
* sohímih (h-m-h): nn. planet (including the sun but not the fixed
stars)
+* sokínig (k-n-g): nn. domain (land owned or controlled by a land-owner
+ or ruler)
* sólho (s-l-h): adj. flying, flapping
* sólhon (s-l-h): adj. swooping, flying downward
* solishó (s-l-h): adj. flying high
* tedirgʷó (d-r-gʷ): nm. burn
* tefmótʰ: prn. third-person masculine singular prepositional
* tefmtʰí: prn. third-person masculine plural prepositional
+* tekingó (k-ng): nm. non-inheriting descendant of a land-owner or
+ ruler
* tēné: prn. second-person plural accusative
* tenó: prn. second-person plural prepositional
* tepisŋó (p-s-ŋ): nm. blood
* todirígʷ (d-r-gʷ): nn. day
* togʲilíp (gʲ-l-p): nn. price
* tohimíh (h-m-h): nn. day-night cycle
+* tokiníg (k-n-g): nn. heir to property or position
* tōmidíkʰ (m-d-kʰ): nn. sentence
* ton: prn. second-person plural dative
* topikʲíb (p-kʲ-b): nn. rabid or aggressive animal
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