From: Surinna Curtis Date: Sun, 8 Sep 2024 01:50:59 +0000 (-0300) Subject: First and second verb form for Midekh X-Git-Url: https://git.ladys.computer/Wiki/commitdiff_plain/6c68c4159bb6f1d2dea5bcf85f2a28f7c3015411 First and second verb form for Midekh --- diff --git a/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot b/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot index 6282148..2d9e482 100644 --- a/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot +++ b/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot @@ -192,7 +192,8 @@ an example to express how roots are combined with templates to form stems or words. All noun templates place /i/ between the first two consonants of the -root, but vary in other positions. +root, other than the verbal noun patterns which place /ī/ there, a long +vowel, instead. These are summarized below, with more details below: | pattern | description | m-d-kʰ | gender | english gloss | @@ -249,9 +250,46 @@ These are summarized below, with more details below: Some patterns for common nouns (with the resulting noun's gender in brackets) include "+í+o+" (f), "to+i+í+" (n), "te+i++ó" (m), "no+i+é+" (f), "si+í+e+" (m). +* Finally there are verbal noun patterns that are treated below. Verbs are similarly formed by combining a semantic root with one of several patterns. +Unlike nouns, the patterns for verbs are grouped into several "forms", +each form consisting of several patterns for different uses of a verb. +The application of the patterns of a form to a given root are +considered different variations of the same verb. + +Verb forms will be distinguished using a number (e.g. 1st form, 2nd +form). +Each form has patterns for the non-past tense stem, the past tense +stem, the verbal noun, the active participle, and the passive +participle. +The verb stems must then be inflected for aspect, mood, aspect, number, +and person to be used. + +The patterns for each verb form are indicated in the following table, +with information about typical semantics and other properties of the +forms described after the table. + +| Form | non-past | past | verbal noun | active part. | passive part. | +|------|----------|--------|-------------|--------------|---------------| +| 1st | +é++i | +e+í+ | +ī++é | +ó++o | +o+ó+ | +| 2nd | +én+i+ | +e++ín | +î++en | +ó++on | +o+nó+ | + +* The 1st form refers to the action seen as most directly connected + with the meaning of the root. + They may be either transitive or intransitive depending on the + meaning of the verb, although ditransitive 1st form verbs are rare. + The verbal noun is of neuter gender. +* The 2nd form typically has a meaning related to some action with a + lasting effect or impact, although in some cases it is instead an + emphatic or more intense version of the root's 1st-form verb. + They may be either transitive or intransitive. + The verbal noun is of neuter gender. +* TKTK + + +TKTK ### Inflectional morphology @@ -301,14 +339,18 @@ TKTK Format: stem (root): part of speech. gloss (notes). -Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f*eminine, **n**euter, -**v**arying by referent), **v**erb (**t**ransitive, **i**ntransitive), -**adj**ective. +Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f**eminine, **n**euter, +**v**arying by referent), **v**erb (**t**ransitive, **i**ntransitive, +**d**itransitive), **adj**ective. +Verbs are listed with the present stem separated from the past stem by +a slash, but collated according the present stem. * hêmidokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nv. orator, author, sage * hêpisoŋ (p-s-ŋ): nv. cupbearer * himidkʰí (m-d-kʰ): nf. word * hipisŋí (p-s-ŋ): nf. pond, lake +* médkhi/medíkh (m-d-kh): vi/vt. speak, say, utter +* méndikh/medkhín (m-d-kh): vi/vt. write * midêkʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf.sg. the Midêkʰ language * midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nf. command, order * midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nm. conversation, dialogue (this can refer to a spoken conversation or a written dialogue) @@ -316,12 +358,26 @@ Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f*eminine, **n**euter, * mídokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. book, scroll * mimídkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nn. pen, stylus, other writing instrument * mipísŋo (p-s-ŋ): nn. canal +* mīdkhé (m-d-kh): nn. utterance, speech, act of speaking +* mîdkhen (m-d-kh): nn. text, act of writing +* módkho (m-d-kh): adj. speaking, vocal +* módkhon (m-d-kh): adj. literate, writing +* modnókh (m-d-kh): adj. written, textual, literary +* modókh (m-d-kh): adj. spoken, verbal, oral * nomidékʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. message, letter * ŋômidkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nm. nonsense, pathetic request * nôpisŋo (p-s-ŋ): nm. urine +* pénsiŋ/pesŋín (p-s-ŋ): vi/vt. pool (intr.); cover in liquid, flood, overflow (trans.) +* pésŋi/pesíŋ (p-s-ŋ): vi. flow * pisêŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. water * pisésŋe (p-s-ŋ): nm. flood * pisŋé (p-s-ŋ): nf.sg. liquids (the state of matter, and the science of its behavior) +* pīsŋé (p-s-ŋ): nn. act of flowing +* pîsŋen (p-s-ŋ): nn. pool, puddle, act of pooling +* pósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. flowing, fluid +* pósŋon (p-s-ŋ): adj. pooling, overflowing, stagnant +* posnóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. submerged, flooded, overflowed +* posóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. watered (as e.g. plants, soil), irrigated * simídekʰ (m-d-kʰ): nm. language, script * sipíseŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. mouthful (esp. of liquids) * somídikʰ (m-d-kʰ): nn. TKTK (some sort of language place)