From: Surinna Curtis Date: Sat, 7 Sep 2024 20:32:56 +0000 (-0300) Subject: Midekh gets some noun patterns and words. X-Git-Url: https://git.ladys.computer/Wiki/commitdiff_plain/b4746ccf182c74602812437b8b2ef94da58406ff Midekh gets some noun patterns and words. --- diff --git a/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot b/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot index b3e70b4..388d023 100644 --- a/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot +++ b/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot @@ -1,15 +1,18 @@ -# Midekʰ +# Midêkʰ This is one of several conlanguages [][@:Rinna] is working on for an eventual Dark Dungeons X (BECMI D&D retroclone) setting. (fae welcomes input.) -for context: a minimal map of the world in question +a minimal map of the world in question is below for a bit of context. +it is also necessary to know that all or most sentient creatures in the +setting are anthropomorphic animals, but that the corresponding +ordinary animals also exist but are considered non-sentient. ![map of an as-yet unnamed world, with three contents and a few islands][https://lyssa-rpg-docs.neocities.org/media/blorb-world-map-minimal.png] -Rinna has the following goals for Midekʰ: +Rinna has the following goals for Midêkʰ: * it will serve as a proto-language for a number of languages spoken along the west coast and within the temperate interior (mostly the @@ -82,6 +85,11 @@ Most content words are derived from a "root" (TKTK) consisting of two to four (but usually three) consonants, which are combined with a particular template (TKTK) of surrounding and intervening sounds (mostly vowels) to form a particular word. +Roots will be represented with their consonants separated by hyphens, +for example: `m-d-kʰ` (which is the root for language). +Templates can include any vowel but only certain consonants: nasal +stops (n m ŋ), the coronal and glottal fricatives (s h), and the +voiceless coronal stop (t). ### Adjectives @@ -105,8 +113,6 @@ The cases present in the language were: * Prepositional: used for the complement of most prepositions, although some prepositions require or allow other cases. -TKTK - ### Verbs Verbs are inflected for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number. @@ -136,10 +142,10 @@ There are three moods: * Subjunctive: used for hypothetical events, future events, and more polite commands. -Issues such as questions and passive voice are marked elsewhere in a -snetence. +Issues such as questions and the active or passive voice are marked +elsewhere in a sentence. -There are three special forms of a verb: +There are three special forms of each verb: * The verbal noun, which functions as a noun and can represent the act of the verb occuring or a object related to the activity described by @@ -155,7 +161,93 @@ There are three special forms of a verb: Both participles receive the normal affixes for number, gender, and case agreement. -## Derivational Morphology +TKTK + +### Derivational morphology + +The derivational morphology of Midêkh is based around the combination +of a root with a template to form a stem (TKTK). +These stems are further modified by infection to arrive at final word +forms. + +This section and the following one on inflectional morphology will +represent roots using their consonants separated by hyphens: e.g. +m-d-kʰ, p-ŋ-r, h-s-t. +Groups of roots sharing only certain components will be represented +with a question mark `?` for any unspecified consonants: p-?-r would +include p-ŋ-r, p-k-r, p-s-r, etc. +Templates will be written with their surrounding and intervening sounds +and with the position of each root consonant represented by a plus +sign, for example: `+i+ē+`. +Groups of templates sharing certain components will be represented +using a question mark for any unspecified template positions: for +example, `?+i+?+?` represents all noun templates (which all place a +short /i/ between the first two consonants). + +This section and the following will primarily use the root `m-d-kʰ` as +an example to express how roots are combined with templates to form +stems or words. + +All noun templates place /i/ between the first two consonants of the +root, but vary in other positions. +These are summarized below, with more details below: + +| pattern | description | m-d-kh | gender | english gloss | +|---------|--------------|----------|--------|--------------------------| +| +i++é | abstraction | midkhé | f | linguistics/all language | +| +i+ê+ | prototype | midêkh | varies | the Midêkh language | +| so+í+i+ | place | somídikh | n | TKTK | +| mi+í++o | instrument | mimídkho | n | pen, stylus | +| +i+és+e | emphasis | midéskhe | m/f | conversation/command | +| hê+i+o+ | personal | hêmidokh | m/f | orator, author, sage | +| hi+i++í | diminutive | himidkhí | f | word | +| ŋô+i++o | derogative | ŋômidkho | m | nonsense, pleading | + +* The noun of abstraction represents the abstract category of the root, + both the set of all of the things (or at least a particular type of + thing) encompassed by the root, the idealized concept of the root, + and sometimes the academic, artistic, or other sort of field related + to the root. + The noun of abstraction is not normally used in the plural, but this + may have occasionally happened in poetic language to refer to many or + all things belonging to the category. +* The prototype noun represents the prototypical object related to a + root. + For some roots, the prototype refers to a specific thing (as "Midêkh" + for the language) as a proper noun, in which case it cannot be used + in the plural and it has feminine gender. + In other cases, it refers to a typical type of object related to the + root (e.g. p-s-ŋ 'liquid' has the prototype pisêŋ 'water'), in which + case the noun may be used in the plural and has neuter gender if it + refers to a mindless animal and masculine gender otherwise. +* Nouns of place refer to a place associated with the root. +* Nouns of instrument refer to a tool used in performing actions + associated with the root. +* Nouns of emphasis refer to a repetition or intense form of an action + related to the root. + They are usually masculine, but in some cases a root gives rise to + two nouns of emphasis with identical form but with one masculine and + one feminine. + When this occurs, typically the feminine noun relates to intense + action and the masculine noun relates to repeated action. +* The personal noun refers to a type of person associated with the + root's meaning. + The noun is gendered according to the individual being referred to. + When not referring to a particular individual of known gender, the + word is typically masculine except when the meaning of the word was + strongly associated with women. +* Diminutives refer to something small or dear related to the root. +* Derogative nouns refer to something disapproved of related to the + root. +* There are also several "common noun" patterns which can give rise to + various nouns associated with the root without specific semantic + implications from the pattern. + Each root only is used with a subset of the common noun patterns. + Some patterns for common nouns (with the resulting noun's gender in + brackets) include "+í+o+" (f), "to+i+í+" (n), "te+i++ó" (m), + "no+i+é+" (f), "si+í+e+" (m). + +### Inflectional morphology TKTK @@ -190,4 +282,44 @@ TKTK ## Lexicon +Lists here are sorted using roughly the collation order of English. + +### Roots + +* m-d-kh: language +* p-s-ŋ: liquid/water + TKTK + +### Word stems + +Format: stem (root): part of speech. gloss (notes). + +Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f*eminine, **n**euter, +**v**arying by referent), **v**erb (**t**ransitive, **i**ntransitive), +**adj**ective. + +* hêmidokh (m-d-kh): nv. orator, author, sage +* hêpisoŋ (p-s-ŋ): nv. cupbearer +* himidkhí (m-d-kh): nf. word +* hipisŋí (p-s-ŋ): nf. pond, lake +* midêkh (m-d-kh): nf.sg. the Midêkh language +* midéskhe (m-d-kh): nf. command, order +* midéskhe (m-d-kh): nm. conversation, dialogue (this can refer to a spoken conversation or a written dialogue) +* midkhé (m-d-kh): nf.sg. linguistics, language in general +* mídokh (m-d-kh): nf. book, scroll +* mimídkho (m-d-kh): nn. pen, stylus, other writing instrument +* mipísŋo (p-s-ŋ): nn. canal +* nomidékh (m-d-kh): nf. message, letter +* ŋômidkho (m-d-kh): nm. nonsense, pathetic request +* nôpisŋo (p-s-ŋ): nm. urine +* pisêŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. water +* pisésŋe (p-s-ŋ): nm. flood +* pisŋé (p-s-ŋ): nf.sg. liquids (the state of matter, and the science of its behavior) +* simídekh (m-d-kh): nm. language, script +* sipíseŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. mouthful (esp. of liquids) +* somídikh (m-d-kh): nn. TKTK (some sort of language place) +* sopísiŋ (p-s-ŋ): nn. body of water or other liquid, esp. an ocean +* tepisŋó (p-s-ŋ): nm. blood +* tōmidíkh (m-d-kh): nn. sentence +* tōpisíŋ (p-s-ŋ): nn. cup, waterskin, jug