From: Surinna Curtis Date: Sun, 8 Sep 2024 14:55:17 +0000 (-0300) Subject: complete Midêkh verb forms X-Git-Url: https://git.ladys.computer/Wiki/commitdiff_plain/d0721c04bc310b43d249ed26fe3d7721466b8c79 complete Midêkh verb forms --- diff --git a/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot b/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot index 2d9e482..7e474dd 100644 --- a/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot +++ b/Sources/Page/Languages/Midekh.djot @@ -271,10 +271,14 @@ The patterns for each verb form are indicated in the following table, with information about typical semantics and other properties of the forms described after the table. -| Form | non-past | past | verbal noun | active part. | passive part. | -|------|----------|--------|-------------|--------------|---------------| -| 1st | +é++i | +e+í+ | +ī++é | +ó++o | +o+ó+ | -| 2nd | +én+i+ | +e++ín | +î++en | +ó++on | +o+nó+ | +| Form | non-past | past | verbal noun | active part. | passive part. | +|------|----------|----------|-------------|--------------|---------------| +| 1st | +é++i | +e+í+ | +ī++é | +ó++o | +o+ó+ | +| 2nd | +én+i+ | +e++ín | +î++en | +ó++on | +o+nó+ | +| 3rd | hō+e++ó | hō+é+o+o | he+ī+é+ | +ó+ohi+ | he+o++ó | +| 4th | +é++it | te+é+i+ | +ī++ís | +ó+si+o | +o+is+ó | +| 5th | fe+é+e+ | fí+e+ē+ | fi+ī++í | fo+ó++o | fo+o+ó+ | +| 6th | +ém+e+ | +em+ē+é | +ī+mó+ | mo+o+ó+ | mo+ó++o | * The 1st form refers to the action seen as most directly connected with the meaning of the root. @@ -286,8 +290,52 @@ forms described after the table. emphatic or more intense version of the root's 1st-form verb. They may be either transitive or intransitive. The verbal noun is of neuter gender. -* TKTK - +* The 3rd form often functions as a causative, representing a + ditransitive form of a transitive 1st or 2nd form verb, or a + transitive form of an intransitive 1st or 2nd form verb. + When the 3rd form is a causative, it usually serves as causative for + both the 1st and 2nd form, not just one of them. + Even when not causative in meaning, the 3rd form is always transitive + or ditransitive. + The verbal noun is of masculine gender. + The active participle of ditransitive 3rd form verbs often relates to + either or both of the agent and patient of the action, with the + passive participle relating solely to the recipient or benefactor. +* The 4th form often refers to a reciprocal or repeated action related + to the root. + 4th form verbs interact atypically with the case system: when they + have reciprocal meaning, all parties typically take the nominative + case, although for emphasis a single participant can be treated as + the subject while a preposition is used to identify other + participants; + if the verb can ever have reciprocal meaning, it never takes an + accusative object; + even when the particular verb cannot have reciprocal meaning, any + patient of the described action must be marked for the dative case. + The verbal noun is of feminine gender. + The active and passive participles are generally used to refer to + different aspects of the subject(s), often but not always using the + active participle for a more agentive aspect of the action. +* The 5th form often has a meaning related to either capability of + performing some action or the acquisition or possession of a + non-physical quality (capability of action perhaps being considered a + non-physical quality); + in some cases the verb may be used for both meanings. + 5th form verbs are only transitive when used to indicate capability. + The verbal noun is of masculine gender. + The passive participle of 5th form verbs is usually used as a sort of + negative: it indicates that something does not have the quality or + cannot perform the action. +* The 6th form often has a meaning related to either resulting from an + action or having or gaining some physical quality, such as colour or + shape. + As with the 5th form, many of these verbs may be used for both meanings. + 6th form verbs are never transitive. + The verbal noun is of neuter gender. + The active participle of 6th form verbs, similar to the passive + participle of 5th form verbs, usually serves as a negative: it + indicates that something does not result from the action or does not + have the quality. TKTK @@ -341,20 +389,46 @@ Format: stem (root): part of speech. gloss (notes). Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f**eminine, **n**euter, **v**arying by referent), **v**erb (**t**ransitive, **i**ntransitive, -**d**itransitive), **adj**ective. +**d**itransitive, **4**th form), **adj**ective. Verbs are listed with the present stem separated from the past stem by a slash, but collated according the present stem. +* femédekh/fímedēkh (m-d-kh): vi. to be or become sapient, to be + capable of language +* fepéseŋ/fípesēŋ (p-s-ŋ): vi. to be variable or flexible, to change +* fimīdkhí (m-d-kh): nm. sapience +* fipīsŋí (p-s-ŋ): nm. mutability, variability, change +* fomódkho (m-d-kh): adj. sapient, capable of language +* fopósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. variable, flexible, changing +* fomodókh (m-d-kh): adj. non-sapient, incapable of language, mindless +* foposóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. static, rigid, unmoving +* hemīdékh (m-d-kh): nm. dictation, decree, declaration * hêmidokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nv. orator, author, sage +* hepīséŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. pouring, a pour, a cupful * hêpisoŋ (p-s-ŋ): nv. cupbearer * himidkʰí (m-d-kʰ): nf. word * hipisŋí (p-s-ŋ): nf. pond, lake +* hemodkhó (m-d-kh): adj. being dictated to, subservient, + representative of +* heposŋó (p-s-ŋ): adj. being poured into, filled +* hōmedkhó/hōmédokho (m-d-kh): vt/vd. to dictate, to cause to say or + write +* hōpesŋó/hōpésoŋo (p-s-ŋ): vt/vd. to pour (trans.); to pour onto/into + (ditrans.) * médkhi/medíkh (m-d-kh): vi/vt. speak, say, utter +* médkhit/temédikh (m-d-kh): v4. to converse or correspond +* mémdekh/memdēkhé (m-d-kh): vi. to be noisy, to make noise * méndikh/medkhín (m-d-kh): vi/vt. write * midêkʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf.sg. the Midêkʰ language * midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nf. command, order -* midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nm. conversation, dialogue (this can refer to a spoken conversation or a written dialogue) +* midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nm. conversation, dialogue (this can refer to a + spoken conversation or a written dialogue) * midkʰé (m-d-kʰ): nf.sg. linguistics, language in general +* mīdkhís (m-d-kh): nf. act of conversing or corresponding (in the + singular it normally refers to one utterance or letter and its + response; in the plural it can refer to an entire conversation or the + entire correspondence between two or more people) +* mīdmókh (m-d-kh): nn. noise, sound * mídokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. book, scroll * mimídkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nn. pen, stylus, other writing instrument * mipísŋo (p-s-ŋ): nn. canal @@ -362,21 +436,38 @@ a slash, but collated according the present stem. * mîdkhen (m-d-kh): nn. text, act of writing * módkho (m-d-kh): adj. speaking, vocal * módkhon (m-d-kh): adj. literate, writing +* modiskhó (m-d-kh): adj. comprehending, listening * modnókh (m-d-kh): adj. written, textual, literary +* módohikh (m-d-kh): adj. dictating, imperious, acting indirectly * modókh (m-d-kh): adj. spoken, verbal, oral +* módsikho (m-d-kh): adj. communicating, expressive +* momódkho (m-d-kh): adj. noisy, loud +* momodókh (m-d-kh): adj. quiet, noiseless, silent +* mopósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. melted, liquid, wet +* moposóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. dry * nomidékʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. message, letter * ŋômidkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nm. nonsense, pathetic request * nôpisŋo (p-s-ŋ): nm. urine -* pénsiŋ/pesŋín (p-s-ŋ): vi/vt. pool (intr.); cover in liquid, flood, overflow (trans.) +* pémseŋ/pemsēŋé (p-s-ŋ): vi. to become liquid, to melt, to be or + become wet +* pénsiŋ/pesŋín (p-s-ŋ): vi/vt. pool (intr.); cover in liquid, flood, + overflow (trans.) * pésŋi/pesíŋ (p-s-ŋ): vi. flow +* pésŋit/tepésiŋ (p-s-ŋ): v4. to rise and fall over time (as tides or + water level in a lake or river) * pisêŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. water * pisésŋe (p-s-ŋ): nm. flood -* pisŋé (p-s-ŋ): nf.sg. liquids (the state of matter, and the science of its behavior) +* pīsmóŋ (p-s-ŋ): nn. melting +* pisŋé (p-s-ŋ): nf.sg. liquids (the state of matter, and the science + of its behavior) * pīsŋé (p-s-ŋ): nn. act of flowing * pîsŋen (p-s-ŋ): nn. pool, puddle, act of pooling +* pīsŋís (p-s-ŋ): nf. tide, change in level (especially of a fluid) * pósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. flowing, fluid * pósŋon (p-s-ŋ): adj. pooling, overflowing, stagnant * posnóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. submerged, flooded, overflowed +* pósohiŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. pouring (the one pouring a fluid), being + poured, raining * posóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. watered (as e.g. plants, soil), irrigated * simídekʰ (m-d-kʰ): nm. language, script * sipíseŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. mouthful (esp. of liquids)