[Gitweb] / gitweb.perl

#!/usr/bin/perl

# gitweb - simple web interface to track changes in git repositories
#
# (C) 2005-2006, Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
# (C) 2005, Christian Gierke
#
# This program is licensed under the GPLv2

use strict;
use warnings;
use CGI qw(:standard :escapeHTML -nosticky);
use CGI::Util qw(unescape);
use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
use Encode;
use Fcntl ':mode';
use File::Find qw();
use File::Basename qw(basename);
binmode STDOUT, ':utf8';

our $t0;
if (eval { require Time::HiRes; 1; }) {
        $t0 = [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()];
}
our $number_of_git_cmds = 0;

BEGIN {
        CGI->compile() if $ENV{'MOD_PERL'};
}

our $cgi = new CGI;
our $version = "++GIT_VERSION++";
our $my_url = $cgi->url();
our $my_uri = $cgi->url(-absolute => 1);

# Base URL for relative URLs in gitweb ($logo, $favicon, ...),
# needed and used only for URLs with nonempty PATH_INFO
our $base_url = $my_url;

# When the script is used as DirectoryIndex, the URL does not contain the name
# of the script file itself, and $cgi->url() fails to strip PATH_INFO, so we
# have to do it ourselves. We make $path_info global because it's also used
# later on.
#
# Another issue with the script being the DirectoryIndex is that the resulting
# $my_url data is not the full script URL: this is good, because we want
# generated links to keep implying the script name if it wasn't explicitly
# indicated in the URL we're handling, but it means that $my_url cannot be used
# as base URL.
# Therefore, if we needed to strip PATH_INFO, then we know that we have
# to build the base URL ourselves:
our $path_info = $ENV{"PATH_INFO"};
if ($path_info) {
        if ($my_url =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
            $my_uri =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
            defined $ENV{'SCRIPT_NAME'}) {
                $base_url = $cgi->url(-base => 1) . $ENV{'SCRIPT_NAME'};
        }
}

# core git executable to use
# this can just be "git" if your webserver has a sensible PATH
our $GIT = "++GIT_BINDIR++/git";

# absolute fs-path which will be prepended to the project path
#our $projectroot = "/pub/scm";
our $projectroot = "++GITWEB_PROJECTROOT++";

# fs traversing limit for getting project list
# the number is relative to the projectroot
our $project_maxdepth = "++GITWEB_PROJECT_MAXDEPTH++";

# target of the home link on top of all pages
our $home_link = $my_uri || "/";

# string of the home link on top of all pages
our $home_link_str = "++GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR++";

# name of your site or organization to appear in page titles
# replace this with something more descriptive for clearer bookmarks
our $site_name = "++GITWEB_SITENAME++"
                 || ($ENV{'SERVER_NAME'} || "Untitled") . " Git";

# filename of html text to include at top of each page
our $site_header = "++GITWEB_SITE_HEADER++";
# html text to include at home page
our $home_text = "++GITWEB_HOMETEXT++";
# filename of html text to include at bottom of each page
our $site_footer = "++GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER++";

# URI of stylesheets
our @stylesheets = ("++GITWEB_CSS++");
# URI of a single stylesheet, which can be overridden in GITWEB_CONFIG.
our $stylesheet = undef;

# URI of GIT logo (72x27 size)
our $logo = "++GITWEB_LOGO++";
# URI of GIT favicon, assumed to be image/png type
our $favicon = "++GITWEB_FAVICON++";

# URI and label (title) of GIT logo link
#our $logo_url = "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/";
#our $logo_label = "git documentation";
our $logo_url = "http://git-scm.com/";
our $logo_label = "git homepage";

# source of projects list
our $projects_list = "++GITWEB_LIST++";

# the width (in characters) of the projects list "Description" column
our $projects_list_description_width = 25;

# default order of projects list
# valid values are none, project, descr, owner, and age
our $default_projects_order = "project";

# show repository only if this file exists
# (only effective if this variable evaluates to true)
our $export_ok = "++GITWEB_EXPORT_OK++";

# show repository only if this subroutine returns true
# when given the path to the project, for example:
#    sub { return -e "$_[0]/git-daemon-export-ok"; }
our $export_auth_hook = undef;

# only allow viewing of repositories also shown on the overview page
our $strict_export = "++GITWEB_STRICT_EXPORT++";

# list of git base URLs used for URL to where fetch project from,
# i.e. full URL is "$git_base_url/$project"
our @git_base_url_list = grep { $_ ne '' } ("++GITWEB_BASE_URL++");

# default blob_plain mimetype and default charset for text/plain blob
our $default_blob_plain_mimetype = 'text/plain';
our $default_text_plain_charset  = undef;

# file to use for guessing MIME types before trying /etc/mime.types
# (relative to the current git repository)
our $mimetypes_file = undef;

# assume this charset if line contains non-UTF-8 characters;
# it should be valid encoding (see Encoding::Supported(3pm) for list),
# for which encoding all byte sequences are valid, for example
# 'iso-8859-1' aka 'latin1' (it is decoded without checking, so it
# could be even 'utf-8' for the old behavior)
our $fallback_encoding = 'latin1';

# rename detection options for git-diff and git-diff-tree
# - default is '-M', with the cost proportional to
#   (number of removed files) * (number of new files).
# - more costly is '-C' (which implies '-M'), with the cost proportional to
#   (number of changed files + number of removed files) * (number of new files)
# - even more costly is '-C', '--find-copies-harder' with cost
#   (number of files in the original tree) * (number of new files)
# - one might want to include '-B' option, e.g. '-B', '-M'
our @diff_opts = ('-M'); # taken from git_commit

# Disables features that would allow repository owners to inject script into
# the gitweb domain.
our $prevent_xss = 0;

# information about snapshot formats that gitweb is capable of serving
our %known_snapshot_formats = (
        # name => {
        #       'display' => display name,
        #       'type' => mime type,
        #       'suffix' => filename suffix,
        #       'format' => --format for git-archive,
        #       'compressor' => [compressor command and arguments]
        #                       (array reference, optional)
        #       'disabled' => boolean (optional)}
        #
        'tgz' => {
                'display' => 'tar.gz',
                'type' => 'application/x-gzip',
                'suffix' => '.tar.gz',
                'format' => 'tar',
                'compressor' => ['gzip']},

        'tbz2' => {
                'display' => 'tar.bz2',
                'type' => 'application/x-bzip2',
                'suffix' => '.tar.bz2',
                'format' => 'tar',
                'compressor' => ['bzip2']},

        'txz' => {
                'display' => 'tar.xz',
                'type' => 'application/x-xz',
                'suffix' => '.tar.xz',
                'format' => 'tar',
                'compressor' => ['xz'],
                'disabled' => 1},

        'zip' => {
                'display' => 'zip',
                'type' => 'application/x-zip',
                'suffix' => '.zip',
                'format' => 'zip'},
);

# Aliases so we understand old gitweb.snapshot values in repository
# configuration.
our %known_snapshot_format_aliases = (
        'gzip'  => 'tgz',
        'bzip2' => 'tbz2',
        'xz'    => 'txz',

        # backward compatibility: legacy gitweb config support
        'x-gzip' => undef, 'gz' => undef,
        'x-bzip2' => undef, 'bz2' => undef,
        'x-zip' => undef, '' => undef,
);

# Pixel sizes for icons and avatars. If the default font sizes or lineheights
# are changed, it may be appropriate to change these values too via
# $GITWEB_CONFIG.
our %avatar_size = (
        'default' => 16,
        'double'  => 32
);

# You define site-wide feature defaults here; override them with
# $GITWEB_CONFIG as necessary.
our %feature = (
        # feature => {
        #       'sub' => feature-sub (subroutine),
        #       'override' => allow-override (boolean),
        #       'default' => [ default options...] (array reference)}
        #
        # if feature is overridable (it means that allow-override has true value),
        # then feature-sub will be called with default options as parameters;
        # return value of feature-sub indicates if to enable specified feature
        #
        # if there is no 'sub' key (no feature-sub), then feature cannot be
        # overriden
        #
        # use gitweb_get_feature(<feature>) to retrieve the <feature> value
        # (an array) or gitweb_check_feature(<feature>) to check if <feature>
        # is enabled

        # Enable the 'blame' blob view, showing the last commit that modified
        # each line in the file. This can be very CPU-intensive.

        # To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'blame'}{'default'} = [1];
        # To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'blame'}{'override'} = 1;
        # and in project config gitweb.blame = 0|1;
        'blame' => {
                'sub' => sub { feature_bool('blame', @_) },
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => [0]},

        # Enable the 'snapshot' link, providing a compressed archive of any
        # tree. This can potentially generate high traffic if you have large
        # project.

        # Value is a list of formats defined in %known_snapshot_formats that
        # you wish to offer.
        # To disable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'snapshot'}{'default'} = [];
        # To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'snapshot'}{'override'} = 1;
        # and in project config, a comma-separated list of formats or "none"
        # to disable.  Example: gitweb.snapshot = tbz2,zip;
        'snapshot' => {
                'sub' => \&feature_snapshot,
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => ['tgz']},

        # Enable text search, which will list the commits which match author,
        # committer or commit text to a given string.  Enabled by default.
        # Project specific override is not supported.
        'search' => {
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => [1]},

        # Enable grep search, which will list the files in currently selected
        # tree containing the given string. Enabled by default. This can be
        # potentially CPU-intensive, of course.

        # To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'grep'}{'default'} = [1];
        # To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'grep'}{'override'} = 1;
        # and in project config gitweb.grep = 0|1;
        'grep' => {
                'sub' => sub { feature_bool('grep', @_) },
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => [1]},

        # Enable the pickaxe search, which will list the commits that modified
        # a given string in a file. This can be practical and quite faster
        # alternative to 'blame', but still potentially CPU-intensive.

        # To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'pickaxe'}{'default'} = [1];
        # To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'pickaxe'}{'override'} = 1;
        # and in project config gitweb.pickaxe = 0|1;
        'pickaxe' => {
                'sub' => sub { feature_bool('pickaxe', @_) },
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => [1]},

        # Make gitweb use an alternative format of the URLs which can be
        # more readable and natural-looking: project name is embedded
        # directly in the path and the query string contains other
        # auxiliary information. All gitweb installations recognize
        # URL in either format; this configures in which formats gitweb
        # generates links.

        # To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'pathinfo'}{'default'} = [1];
        # Project specific override is not supported.

        # Note that you will need to change the default location of CSS,
        # favicon, logo and possibly other files to an absolute URL. Also,
        # if gitweb.cgi serves as your indexfile, you will need to force
        # $my_uri to contain the script name in your $GITWEB_CONFIG.
        'pathinfo' => {
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => [0]},

        # Make gitweb consider projects in project root subdirectories
        # to be forks of existing projects. Given project $projname.git,
        # projects matching $projname/*.git will not be shown in the main
        # projects list, instead a '+' mark will be added to $projname
        # there and a 'forks' view will be enabled for the project, listing
        # all the forks. If project list is taken from a file, forks have
        # to be listed after the main project.

        # To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'forks'}{'default'} = [1];
        # Project specific override is not supported.
        'forks' => {
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => [0]},

        # Insert custom links to the action bar of all project pages.
        # This enables you mainly to link to third-party scripts integrating
        # into gitweb; e.g. git-browser for graphical history representation
        # or custom web-based repository administration interface.

        # The 'default' value consists of a list of triplets in the form
        # (label, link, position) where position is the label after which
        # to insert the link and link is a format string where %n expands
        # to the project name, %f to the project path within the filesystem,
        # %h to the current hash (h gitweb parameter) and %b to the current
        # hash base (hb gitweb parameter); %% expands to %.

        # To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG e.g.
        # $feature{'actions'}{'default'} = [('graphiclog',
        #       '/git-browser/by-commit.html?r=%n', 'summary')];
        # Project specific override is not supported.
        'actions' => {
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => []},

        # Allow gitweb scan project content tags described in ctags/
        # of project repository, and display the popular Web 2.0-ish
        # "tag cloud" near the project list. Note that this is something
        # COMPLETELY different from the normal Git tags.

        # gitweb by itself can show existing tags, but it does not handle
        # tagging itself; you need an external application for that.
        # For an example script, check Girocco's cgi/tagproj.cgi.
        # You may want to install the HTML::TagCloud Perl module to get
        # a pretty tag cloud instead of just a list of tags.

        # To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'ctags'}{'default'} = ['path_to_tag_script'];
        # Project specific override is not supported.
        'ctags' => {
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => [0]},

        # The maximum number of patches in a patchset generated in patch
        # view. Set this to 0 or undef to disable patch view, or to a
        # negative number to remove any limit.

        # To disable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'patches'}{'default'} = [0];
        # To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'patches'}{'override'} = 1;
        # and in project config gitweb.patches = 0|n;
        # where n is the maximum number of patches allowed in a patchset.
        'patches' => {
                'sub' => \&feature_patches,
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => [16]},

        # Avatar support. When this feature is enabled, views such as
        # shortlog or commit will display an avatar associated with
        # the email of the committer(s) and/or author(s).

        # Currently available providers are gravatar and picon.
        # If an unknown provider is specified, the feature is disabled.

        # Gravatar depends on Digest::MD5.
        # Picon currently relies on the indiana.edu database.

        # To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'avatar'}{'default'} = ['<provider>'];
        # where <provider> is either gravatar or picon.
        # To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
        # $feature{'avatar'}{'override'} = 1;
        # and in project config gitweb.avatar = <provider>;
        'avatar' => {
                'sub' => \&feature_avatar,
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => ['']},

        # Enable displaying how much time and how many git commands
        # it took to generate and display page.  Disabled by default.
        # Project specific override is not supported.
        'timed' => {
                'override' => 0,
                'default' => [0]},
);

sub gitweb_get_feature {
        my ($name) = @_;
        return unless exists $feature{$name};
        my ($sub, $override, @defaults) = (
                $feature{$name}{'sub'},
                $feature{$name}{'override'},
                @{$feature{$name}{'default'}});
        if (!$override) { return @defaults; }
        if (!defined $sub) {
                warn "feature $name is not overridable";
                return @defaults;
        }
        return $sub->(@defaults);
}

# A wrapper to check if a given feature is enabled.
# With this, you can say
#
#   my $bool_feat = gitweb_check_feature('bool_feat');
#   gitweb_check_feature('bool_feat') or somecode;
#
# instead of
#
#   my ($bool_feat) = gitweb_get_feature('bool_feat');
#   (gitweb_get_feature('bool_feat'))[0] or somecode;
#
sub gitweb_check_feature {
        return (gitweb_get_feature(@_))[0];
}


sub feature_bool {
        my $key = shift;
        my ($val) = git_get_project_config($key, '--bool');

        if (!defined $val) {
                return ($_[0]);
        } elsif ($val eq 'true') {
                return (1);
        } elsif ($val eq 'false') {
                return (0);
        }
}

sub feature_snapshot {
        my (@fmts) = @_;

        my ($val) = git_get_project_config('snapshot');

        if ($val) {
                @fmts = ($val eq 'none' ? () : split /\s*[,\s]\s*/, $val);
        }

        return @fmts;
}

sub feature_patches {
        my @val = (git_get_project_config('patches', '--int'));

        if (@val) {
                return @val;
        }

        return ($_[0]);
}

sub feature_avatar {
        my @val = (git_get_project_config('avatar'));

        return @val ? @val : @_;
}

# checking HEAD file with -e is fragile if the repository was
# initialized long time ago (i.e. symlink HEAD) and was pack-ref'ed
# and then pruned.
sub check_head_link {
        my ($dir) = @_;
        my $headfile = "$dir/HEAD";
        return ((-e $headfile) ||
                (-l $headfile && readlink($headfile) =~ /^refs\/heads\//));
}

sub check_export_ok {
        my ($dir) = @_;
        return (check_head_link($dir) &&
                (!$export_ok || -e "$dir/$export_ok") &&
                (!$export_auth_hook || $export_auth_hook->($dir)));
}

# process alternate names for backward compatibility
# filter out unsupported (unknown) snapshot formats
sub filter_snapshot_fmts {
        my @fmts = @_;

        @fmts = map {
                exists $known_snapshot_format_aliases{$_} ?
                       $known_snapshot_format_aliases{$_} : $_} @fmts;
        @fmts = grep {
                exists $known_snapshot_formats{$_} &&
                !$known_snapshot_formats{$_}{'disabled'}} @fmts;
}

our $GITWEB_CONFIG = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG++";
if (-e $GITWEB_CONFIG) {
        do $GITWEB_CONFIG;
} else {
        our $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM++";
        do $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM if -e $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM;
}

# version of the core git binary
our $git_version = qx("$GIT" --version) =~ m/git version (.*)$/ ? $1 : "unknown";
$number_of_git_cmds++;

$projects_list ||= $projectroot;

# ======================================================================
# input validation and dispatch

# input parameters can be collected from a variety of sources (presently, CGI
# and PATH_INFO), so we define an %input_params hash that collects them all
# together during validation: this allows subsequent uses (e.g. href()) to be
# agnostic of the parameter origin

our %input_params = ();

# input parameters are stored with the long parameter name as key. This will
# also be used in the href subroutine to convert parameters to their CGI
# equivalent, and since the href() usage is the most frequent one, we store
# the name -> CGI key mapping here, instead of the reverse.
#
# XXX: Warning: If you touch this, check the search form for updating,
# too.

our @cgi_param_mapping = (
        project => "p",
        action => "a",
        file_name => "f",
        file_parent => "fp",
        hash => "h",
        hash_parent => "hp",
        hash_base => "hb",
        hash_parent_base => "hpb",
        page => "pg",
        order => "o",
        searchtext => "s",
        searchtype => "st",
        snapshot_format => "sf",
        extra_options => "opt",
        search_use_regexp => "sr",
);
our %cgi_param_mapping = @cgi_param_mapping;

# we will also need to know the possible actions, for validation
our %actions = (
        "blame" => \&git_blame,
        "blobdiff" => \&git_blobdiff,
        "blobdiff_plain" => \&git_blobdiff_plain,
        "blob" => \&git_blob,
        "blob_plain" => \&git_blob_plain,
        "commitdiff" => \&git_commitdiff,
        "commitdiff_plain" => \&git_commitdiff_plain,
        "commit" => \&git_commit,
        "forks" => \&git_forks,
        "heads" => \&git_heads,
        "history" => \&git_history,
        "log" => \&git_log,
        "patch" => \&git_patch,
        "patches" => \&git_patches,
        "rss" => \&git_rss,
        "atom" => \&git_atom,
        "search" => \&git_search,
        "search_help" => \&git_search_help,
        "shortlog" => \&git_shortlog,
        "summary" => \&git_summary,
        "tag" => \&git_tag,
        "tags" => \&git_tags,
        "tree" => \&git_tree,
        "snapshot" => \&git_snapshot,
        "object" => \&git_object,
        # those below don't need $project
        "opml" => \&git_opml,
        "project_list" => \&git_project_list,
        "project_index" => \&git_project_index,
);

# finally, we have the hash of allowed extra_options for the commands that
# allow them
our %allowed_options = (
        "--no-merges" => [ qw(rss atom log shortlog history) ],
);

# fill %input_params with the CGI parameters. All values except for 'opt'
# should be single values, but opt can be an array. We should probably
# build an array of parameters that can be multi-valued, but since for the time
# being it's only this one, we just single it out
while (my ($name, $symbol) = each %cgi_param_mapping) {
        if ($symbol eq 'opt') {
                $input_params{$name} = [ $cgi->param($symbol) ];
        } else {
                $input_params{$name} = $cgi->param($symbol);
        }
}

# now read PATH_INFO and update the parameter list for missing parameters
sub evaluate_path_info {
        return if defined $input_params{'project'};
        return if !$path_info;
        $path_info =~ s,^/+,,;
        return if !$path_info;

        # find which part of PATH_INFO is project
        my $project = $path_info;
        $project =~ s,/+$,,;
        while ($project && !check_head_link("$projectroot/$project")) {
                $project =~ s,/*[^/]*$,,;
        }
        return unless $project;
        $input_params{'project'} = $project;

        # do not change any parameters if an action is given using the query string
        return if $input_params{'action'};
        $path_info =~ s,^\Q$project\E/*,,;

        # next, check if we have an action
        my $action = $path_info;
        $action =~ s,/.*$,,;
        if (exists $actions{$action}) {
                $path_info =~ s,^$action/*,,;
                $input_params{'action'} = $action;
        }

        # list of actions that want hash_base instead of hash, but can have no
        # pathname (f) parameter
        my @wants_base = (
                'tree',
                'history',
        );

        # we want to catch
        # [$hash_parent_base[:$file_parent]..]$hash_parent[:$file_name]
        my ($parentrefname, $parentpathname, $refname, $pathname) =
                ($path_info =~ /^(?:(.+?)(?::(.+))?\.\.)?(.+?)(?::(.+))?$/);

        # first, analyze the 'current' part
        if (defined $pathname) {
                # we got "branch:filename" or "branch:dir/"
                # we could use git_get_type(branch:pathname), but:
                # - it needs $git_dir
                # - it does a git() call
                # - the convention of terminating directories with a slash
                #   makes it superfluous
                # - embedding the action in the PATH_INFO would make it even
                #   more superfluous
                $pathname =~ s,^/+,,;
                if (!$pathname || substr($pathname, -1) eq "/") {
                        $input_params{'action'} ||= "tree";
                        $pathname =~ s,/$,,;
                } else {
                        # the default action depends on whether we had parent info
                        # or not
                        if ($parentrefname) {
                                $input_params{'action'} ||= "blobdiff_plain";
                        } else {
                                $input_params{'action'} ||= "blob_plain";
                        }
                }
                $input_params{'hash_base'} ||= $refname;
                $input_params{'file_name'} ||= $pathname;
        } elsif (defined $refname) {
                # we got "branch". In this case we have to choose if we have to
                # set hash or hash_base.
                #
                # Most of the actions without a pathname only want hash to be
                # set, except for the ones specified in @wants_base that want
                # hash_base instead. It should also be noted that hand-crafted
                # links having 'history' as an action and no pathname or hash
                # set will fail, but that happens regardless of PATH_INFO.
                $input_params{'action'} ||= "shortlog";
                if (grep { $_ eq $input_params{'action'} } @wants_base) {
                        $input_params{'hash_base'} ||= $refname;
                } else {
                        $input_params{'hash'} ||= $refname;
                }
        }

        # next, handle the 'parent' part, if present
        if (defined $parentrefname) {
                # a missing pathspec defaults to the 'current' filename, allowing e.g.
                # someproject/blobdiff/oldrev..newrev:/filename
                if ($parentpathname) {
                        $parentpathname =~ s,^/+,,;
                        $parentpathname =~ s,/$,,;
                        $input_params{'file_parent'} ||= $parentpathname;
                } else {
                        $input_params{'file_parent'} ||= $input_params{'file_name'};
                }
                # we assume that hash_parent_base is wanted if a path was specified,
                # or if the action wants hash_base instead of hash
                if (defined $input_params{'file_parent'} ||
                        grep { $_ eq $input_params{'action'} } @wants_base) {
                        $input_params{'hash_parent_base'} ||= $parentrefname;
                } else {
                        $input_params{'hash_parent'} ||= $parentrefname;
                }
        }

        # for the snapshot action, we allow URLs in the form
        # $project/snapshot/$hash.ext
        # where .ext determines the snapshot and gets removed from the
        # passed $refname to provide the $hash.
        #
        # To be able to tell that $refname includes the format extension, we
        # require the following two conditions to be satisfied:
        # - the hash input parameter MUST have been set from the $refname part
        #   of the URL (i.e. they must be equal)
        # - the snapshot format MUST NOT have been defined already (e.g. from
        #   CGI parameter sf)
        # It's also useless to try any matching unless $refname has a dot,
        # so we check for that too
        if (defined $input_params{'action'} &&
                $input_params{'action'} eq 'snapshot' &&
                defined $refname && index($refname, '.') != -1 &&
                $refname eq $input_params{'hash'} &&
                !defined $input_params{'snapshot_format'}) {
                # We loop over the known snapshot formats, checking for
                # extensions. Allowed extensions are both the defined suffix
                # (which includes the initial dot already) and the snapshot
                # format key itself, with a prepended dot
                while (my ($fmt, $opt) = each %known_snapshot_formats) {
                        my $hash = $refname;
                        unless ($hash =~ s/(\Q$opt->{'suffix'}\E|\Q.$fmt\E)$//) {
                                next;
                        }
                        my $sfx = $1;
                        # a valid suffix was found, so set the snapshot format
                        # and reset the hash parameter
                        $input_params{'snapshot_format'} = $fmt;
                        $input_params{'hash'} = $hash;
                        # we also set the format suffix to the one requested
                        # in the URL: this way a request for e.g. .tgz returns
                        # a .tgz instead of a .tar.gz
                        $known_snapshot_formats{$fmt}{'suffix'} = $sfx;
                        last;
                }
        }
}
evaluate_path_info();

our $action = $input_params{'action'};
if (defined $action) {
        if (!validate_action($action)) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid action parameter");
        }
}

# parameters which are pathnames
our $project = $input_params{'project'};
if (defined $project) {
        if (!validate_project($project)) {
                undef $project;
                die_error(404, "No such project");
        }
}

our $file_name = $input_params{'file_name'};
if (defined $file_name) {
        if (!validate_pathname($file_name)) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid file parameter");
        }
}

our $file_parent = $input_params{'file_parent'};
if (defined $file_parent) {
        if (!validate_pathname($file_parent)) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid file parent parameter");
        }
}

# parameters which are refnames
our $hash = $input_params{'hash'};
if (defined $hash) {
        if (!validate_refname($hash)) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid hash parameter");
        }
}

our $hash_parent = $input_params{'hash_parent'};
if (defined $hash_parent) {
        if (!validate_refname($hash_parent)) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid hash parent parameter");
        }
}

our $hash_base = $input_params{'hash_base'};
if (defined $hash_base) {
        if (!validate_refname($hash_base)) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid hash base parameter");
        }
}

our @extra_options = @{$input_params{'extra_options'}};
# @extra_options is always defined, since it can only be (currently) set from
# CGI, and $cgi->param() returns the empty array in array context if the param
# is not set
foreach my $opt (@extra_options) {
        if (not exists $allowed_options{$opt}) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid option parameter");
        }
        if (not grep(/^$action$/, @{$allowed_options{$opt}})) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid option parameter for this action");
        }
}

our $hash_parent_base = $input_params{'hash_parent_base'};
if (defined $hash_parent_base) {
        if (!validate_refname($hash_parent_base)) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid hash parent base parameter");
        }
}

# other parameters
our $page = $input_params{'page'};
if (defined $page) {
        if ($page =~ m/[^0-9]/) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid page parameter");
        }
}

our $searchtype = $input_params{'searchtype'};
if (defined $searchtype) {
        if ($searchtype =~ m/[^a-z]/) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid searchtype parameter");
        }
}

our $search_use_regexp = $input_params{'search_use_regexp'};

our $searchtext = $input_params{'searchtext'};
our $search_regexp;
if (defined $searchtext) {
        if (length($searchtext) < 2) {
                die_error(403, "At least two characters are required for search parameter");
        }
        $search_regexp = $search_use_regexp ? $searchtext : quotemeta $searchtext;
}

# path to the current git repository
our $git_dir;
$git_dir = "$projectroot/$project" if $project;

# list of supported snapshot formats
our @snapshot_fmts = gitweb_get_feature('snapshot');
@snapshot_fmts = filter_snapshot_fmts(@snapshot_fmts);

# check that the avatar feature is set to a known provider name,
# and for each provider check if the dependencies are satisfied.
# if the provider name is invalid or the dependencies are not met,
# reset $git_avatar to the empty string.
our ($git_avatar) = gitweb_get_feature('avatar');
if ($git_avatar eq 'gravatar') {
        $git_avatar = '' unless (eval { require Digest::MD5; 1; });
} elsif ($git_avatar eq 'picon') {
        # no dependencies
} else {
        $git_avatar = '';
}

# dispatch
if (!defined $action) {
        if (defined $hash) {
                $action = git_get_type($hash);
        } elsif (defined $hash_base && defined $file_name) {
                $action = git_get_type("$hash_base:$file_name");
        } elsif (defined $project) {
                $action = 'summary';
        } else {
                $action = 'project_list';
        }
}
if (!defined($actions{$action})) {
        die_error(400, "Unknown action");
}
if ($action !~ m/^(?:opml|project_list|project_index)$/ &&
    !$project) {
        die_error(400, "Project needed");
}
$actions{$action}->();
exit;

## ======================================================================
## action links

sub href {
        my %params = @_;
        # default is to use -absolute url() i.e. $my_uri
        my $href = $params{-full} ? $my_url : $my_uri;

        $params{'project'} = $project unless exists $params{'project'};

        if ($params{-replay}) {
                while (my ($name, $symbol) = each %cgi_param_mapping) {
                        if (!exists $params{$name}) {
                                $params{$name} = $input_params{$name};
                        }
                }
        }

        my $use_pathinfo = gitweb_check_feature('pathinfo');
        if ($use_pathinfo and defined $params{'project'}) {
                # try to put as many parameters as possible in PATH_INFO:
                #   - project name
                #   - action
                #   - hash_parent or hash_parent_base:/file_parent
                #   - hash or hash_base:/filename
                #   - the snapshot_format as an appropriate suffix

                # When the script is the root DirectoryIndex for the domain,
                # $href here would be something like http://gitweb.example.com/
                # Thus, we strip any trailing / from $href, to spare us double
                # slashes in the final URL
                $href =~ s,/$,,;

                # Then add the project name, if present
                $href .= "/".esc_url($params{'project'});
                delete $params{'project'};

                # since we destructively absorb parameters, we keep this
                # boolean that remembers if we're handling a snapshot
                my $is_snapshot = $params{'action'} eq 'snapshot';

                # Summary just uses the project path URL, any other action is
                # added to the URL
                if (defined $params{'action'}) {
                        $href .= "/".esc_url($params{'action'}) unless $params{'action'} eq 'summary';
                        delete $params{'action'};
                }

                # Next, we put hash_parent_base:/file_parent..hash_base:/file_name,
                # stripping nonexistent or useless pieces
                $href .= "/" if ($params{'hash_base'} || $params{'hash_parent_base'}
                        || $params{'hash_parent'} || $params{'hash'});
                if (defined $params{'hash_base'}) {
                        if (defined $params{'hash_parent_base'}) {
                                $href .= esc_url($params{'hash_parent_base'});
                                # skip the file_parent if it's the same as the file_name
                                if (defined $params{'file_parent'}) {
                                        if (defined $params{'file_name'} && $params{'file_parent'} eq $params{'file_name'}) {
                                                delete $params{'file_parent'};
                                        } elsif ($params{'file_parent'} !~ /\.\./) {
                                                $href .= ":/".esc_url($params{'file_parent'});
                                                delete $params{'file_parent'};
                                        }
                                }
                                $href .= "..";
                                delete $params{'hash_parent'};
                                delete $params{'hash_parent_base'};
                        } elsif (defined $params{'hash_parent'}) {
                                $href .= esc_url($params{'hash_parent'}). "..";
                                delete $params{'hash_parent'};
                        }

                        $href .= esc_url($params{'hash_base'});
                        if (defined $params{'file_name'} && $params{'file_name'} !~ /\.\./) {
                                $href .= ":/".esc_url($params{'file_name'});
                                delete $params{'file_name'};
                        }
                        delete $params{'hash'};
                        delete $params{'hash_base'};
                } elsif (defined $params{'hash'}) {
                        $href .= esc_url($params{'hash'});
                        delete $params{'hash'};
                }

                # If the action was a snapshot, we can absorb the
                # snapshot_format parameter too
                if ($is_snapshot) {
                        my $fmt = $params{'snapshot_format'};
                        # snapshot_format should always be defined when href()
                        # is called, but just in case some code forgets, we
                        # fall back to the default
                        $fmt ||= $snapshot_fmts[0];
                        $href .= $known_snapshot_formats{$fmt}{'suffix'};
                        delete $params{'snapshot_format'};
                }
        }

        # now encode the parameters explicitly
        my @result = ();
        for (my $i = 0; $i < @cgi_param_mapping; $i += 2) {
                my ($name, $symbol) = ($cgi_param_mapping[$i], $cgi_param_mapping[$i+1]);
                if (defined $params{$name}) {
                        if (ref($params{$name}) eq "ARRAY") {
                                foreach my $par (@{$params{$name}}) {
                                        push @result, $symbol . "=" . esc_param($par);
                                }
                        } else {
                                push @result, $symbol . "=" . esc_param($params{$name});
                        }
                }
        }
        $href .= "?" . join(';', @result) if scalar @result;

        return $href;
}


## ======================================================================
## validation, quoting/unquoting and escaping

sub validate_action {
        my $input = shift || return undef;
        return undef unless exists $actions{$input};
        return $input;
}

sub validate_project {
        my $input = shift || return undef;
        if (!validate_pathname($input) ||
                !(-d "$projectroot/$input") ||
                !check_export_ok("$projectroot/$input") ||
                ($strict_export && !project_in_list($input))) {
                return undef;
        } else {
                return $input;
        }
}

sub validate_pathname {
        my $input = shift || return undef;

        # no '.' or '..' as elements of path, i.e. no '.' nor '..'
        # at the beginning, at the end, and between slashes.
        # also this catches doubled slashes
        if ($input =~ m!(^|/)(|\.|\.\.)(/|$)!) {
                return undef;
        }
        # no null characters
        if ($input =~ m!\0!) {
                return undef;
        }
        return $input;
}

sub validate_refname {
        my $input = shift || return undef;

        # textual hashes are O.K.
        if ($input =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
                return $input;
        }
        # it must be correct pathname
        $input = validate_pathname($input)
                or return undef;
        # restrictions on ref name according to git-check-ref-format
        if ($input =~ m!(/\.|\.\.|[\000-\040\177 ~^:?*\[]|/$)!) {
                return undef;
        }
        return $input;
}

# decode sequences of octets in utf8 into Perl's internal form,
# which is utf-8 with utf8 flag set if needed.  gitweb writes out
# in utf-8 thanks to "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'" at beginning
sub to_utf8 {
        my $str = shift;
        if (utf8::valid($str)) {
                utf8::decode($str);
                return $str;
        } else {
                return decode($fallback_encoding, $str, Encode::FB_DEFAULT);
        }
}

# quote unsafe chars, but keep the slash, even when it's not
# correct, but quoted slashes look too horrible in bookmarks
sub esc_param {
        my $str = shift;
        $str =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.~()\/:@])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/eg;
        $str =~ s/\+/%2B/g;
        $str =~ s/ /\+/g;
        return $str;
}

# quote unsafe chars in whole URL, so some charactrs cannot be quoted
sub esc_url {
        my $str = shift;
        $str =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.~();\/;?:@&=])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/eg;
        $str =~ s/\+/%2B/g;
        $str =~ s/ /\+/g;
        return $str;
}

# replace invalid utf8 character with SUBSTITUTION sequence
sub esc_html {
        my $str = shift;
        my %opts = @_;

        $str = to_utf8($str);
        $str = $cgi->escapeHTML($str);
        if ($opts{'-nbsp'}) {
                $str =~ s/ /&nbsp;/g;
        }
        $str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|(($1 ne "\t") ? quot_cec($1) : $1)|eg;
        return $str;
}

# quote control characters and escape filename to HTML
sub esc_path {
        my $str = shift;
        my %opts = @_;

        $str = to_utf8($str);
        $str = $cgi->escapeHTML($str);
        if ($opts{'-nbsp'}) {
                $str =~ s/ /&nbsp;/g;
        }
        $str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|quot_cec($1)|eg;
        return $str;
}

# Make control characters "printable", using character escape codes (CEC)
sub quot_cec {
        my $cntrl = shift;
        my %opts = @_;
        my %es = ( # character escape codes, aka escape sequences
                "\t" => '\t',   # tab            (HT)
                "\n" => '\n',   # line feed      (LF)
                "\r" => '\r',   # carrige return (CR)
                "\f" => '\f',   # form feed      (FF)
                "\b" => '\b',   # backspace      (BS)
                "\a" => '\a',   # alarm (bell)   (BEL)
                "\e" => '\e',   # escape         (ESC)
                "\013" => '\v', # vertical tab   (VT)
                "\000" => '\0', # nul character  (NUL)
        );
        my $chr = ( (exists $es{$cntrl})
                    ? $es{$cntrl}
                    : sprintf('\%2x', ord($cntrl)) );
        if ($opts{-nohtml}) {
                return $chr;
        } else {
                return "<span class=\"cntrl\">$chr</span>";
        }
}

# Alternatively use unicode control pictures codepoints,
# Unicode "printable representation" (PR)
sub quot_upr {
        my $cntrl = shift;
        my %opts = @_;

        my $chr = sprintf('&#%04d;', 0x2400+ord($cntrl));
        if ($opts{-nohtml}) {
                return $chr;
        } else {
                return "<span class=\"cntrl\">$chr</span>";
        }
}

# git may return quoted and escaped filenames
sub unquote {
        my $str = shift;

        sub unq {
                my $seq = shift;
                my %es = ( # character escape codes, aka escape sequences
                        't' => "\t",   # tab            (HT, TAB)
                        'n' => "\n",   # newline        (NL)
                        'r' => "\r",   # return         (CR)
                        'f' => "\f",   # form feed      (FF)
                        'b' => "\b",   # backspace      (BS)
                        'a' => "\a",   # alarm (bell)   (BEL)
                        'e' => "\e",   # escape         (ESC)
                        'v' => "\013", # vertical tab   (VT)
                );

                if ($seq =~ m/^[0-7]{1,3}$/) {
                        # octal char sequence
                        return chr(oct($seq));
                } elsif (exists $es{$seq}) {
                        # C escape sequence, aka character escape code
                        return $es{$seq};
                }
                # quoted ordinary character
                return $seq;
        }

        if ($str =~ m/^"(.*)"$/) {
                # needs unquoting
                $str = $1;
                $str =~ s/\\([^0-7]|[0-7]{1,3})/unq($1)/eg;
        }
        return $str;
}

# escape tabs (convert tabs to spaces)
sub untabify {
        my $line = shift;

        while ((my $pos = index($line, "\t")) != -1) {
                if (my $count = (8 - ($pos % 8))) {
                        my $spaces = ' ' x $count;
                        $line =~ s/\t/$spaces/;
                }
        }

        return $line;
}

sub project_in_list {
        my $project = shift;
        my @list = git_get_projects_list();
        return @list && scalar(grep { $_->{'path'} eq $project } @list);
}

## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
## HTML aware string manipulation

# Try to chop given string on a word boundary between position
# $len and $len+$add_len. If there is no word boundary there,
# chop at $len+$add_len. Do not chop if chopped part plus ellipsis
# (marking chopped part) would be longer than given string.
sub chop_str {
        my $str = shift;
        my $len = shift;
        my $add_len = shift || 10;
        my $where = shift || 'right'; # 'left' | 'center' | 'right'

        # Make sure perl knows it is utf8 encoded so we don't
        # cut in the middle of a utf8 multibyte char.
        $str = to_utf8($str);

        # allow only $len chars, but don't cut a word if it would fit in $add_len
        # if it doesn't fit, cut it if it's still longer than the dots we would add
        # remove chopped character entities entirely

        # when chopping in the middle, distribute $len into left and right part
        # return early if chopping wouldn't make string shorter
        if ($where eq 'center') {
                return $str if ($len + 5 >= length($str)); # filler is length 5
                $len = int($len/2);
        } else {
                return $str if ($len + 4 >= length($str)); # filler is length 4
        }

        # regexps: ending and beginning with word part up to $add_len
        my $endre = qr/.{$len}\w{0,$add_len}/;
        my $begre = qr/\w{0,$add_len}.{$len}/;

        if ($where eq 'left') {
                $str =~ m/^(.*?)($begre)$/;
                my ($lead, $body) = ($1, $2);
                if (length($lead) > 4) {
                        $body =~ s/^[^;]*;// if ($lead =~ m/&[^;]*$/);
                        $lead = " ...";
                }
                return "$lead$body";

        } elsif ($where eq 'center') {
                $str =~ m/^($endre)(.*)$/;
                my ($left, $str)  = ($1, $2);
                $str =~ m/^(.*?)($begre)$/;
                my ($mid, $right) = ($1, $2);
                if (length($mid) > 5) {
                        $left  =~ s/&[^;]*$//;
                        $right =~ s/^[^;]*;// if ($mid =~ m/&[^;]*$/);
                        $mid = " ... ";
                }
                return "$left$mid$right";

        } else {
                $str =~ m/^($endre)(.*)$/;
                my $body = $1;
                my $tail = $2;
                if (length($tail) > 4) {
                        $body =~ s/&[^;]*$//;
                        $tail = "... ";
                }
                return "$body$tail";
        }
}

# takes the same arguments as chop_str, but also wraps a <span> around the
# result with a title attribute if it does get chopped. Additionally, the
# string is HTML-escaped.
sub chop_and_escape_str {
        my ($str) = @_;

        my $chopped = chop_str(@_);
        if ($chopped eq $str) {
                return esc_html($chopped);
        } else {
                $str =~ s/[[:cntrl:]]/?/g;
                return $cgi->span({-title=>$str}, esc_html($chopped));
        }
}

## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
## functions returning short strings

# CSS class for given age value (in seconds)
sub age_class {
        my $age = shift;

        if (!defined $age) {
                return "noage";
        } elsif ($age < 60*60*2) {
                return "age0";
        } elsif ($age < 60*60*24*2) {
                return "age1";
        } else {
                return "age2";
        }
}

# convert age in seconds to "nn units ago" string
sub age_string {
        my $age = shift;
        my $age_str;

        if ($age > 60*60*24*365*2) {
                $age_str = (int $age/60/60/24/365);
                $age_str .= " years ago";
        } elsif ($age > 60*60*24*(365/12)*2) {
                $age_str = int $age/60/60/24/(365/12);
                $age_str .= " months ago";
        } elsif ($age > 60*60*24*7*2) {
                $age_str = int $age/60/60/24/7;
                $age_str .= " weeks ago";
        } elsif ($age > 60*60*24*2) {
                $age_str = int $age/60/60/24;
                $age_str .= " days ago";
        } elsif ($age > 60*60*2) {
                $age_str = int $age/60/60;
                $age_str .= " hours ago";
        } elsif ($age > 60*2) {
                $age_str = int $age/60;
                $age_str .= " min ago";
        } elsif ($age > 2) {
                $age_str = int $age;
                $age_str .= " sec ago";
        } else {
                $age_str .= " right now";
        }
        return $age_str;
}

use constant {
        S_IFINVALID => 0030000,
        S_IFGITLINK => 0160000,
};

# submodule/subproject, a commit object reference
sub S_ISGITLINK {
        my $mode = shift;

        return (($mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFGITLINK)
}

# convert file mode in octal to symbolic file mode string
sub mode_str {
        my $mode = oct shift;

        if (S_ISGITLINK($mode)) {
                return 'm---------';
        } elsif (S_ISDIR($mode & S_IFMT)) {
                return 'drwxr-xr-x';
        } elsif (S_ISLNK($mode)) {
                return 'lrwxrwxrwx';
        } elsif (S_ISREG($mode)) {
                # git cares only about the executable bit
                if ($mode & S_IXUSR) {
                        return '-rwxr-xr-x';
                } else {
                        return '-rw-r--r--';
                };
        } else {
                return '----------';
        }
}

# convert file mode in octal to file type string
sub file_type {
        my $mode = shift;

        if ($mode !~ m/^[0-7]+$/) {
                return $mode;
        } else {
                $mode = oct $mode;
        }

        if (S_ISGITLINK($mode)) {
                return "submodule";
        } elsif (S_ISDIR($mode & S_IFMT)) {
                return "directory";
        } elsif (S_ISLNK($mode)) {
                return "symlink";
        } elsif (S_ISREG($mode)) {
                return "file";
        } else {
                return "unknown";
        }
}

# convert file mode in octal to file type description string
sub file_type_long {
        my $mode = shift;

        if ($mode !~ m/^[0-7]+$/) {
                return $mode;
        } else {
                $mode = oct $mode;
        }

        if (S_ISGITLINK($mode)) {
                return "submodule";
        } elsif (S_ISDIR($mode & S_IFMT)) {
                return "directory";
        } elsif (S_ISLNK($mode)) {
                return "symlink";
        } elsif (S_ISREG($mode)) {
                if ($mode & S_IXUSR) {
                        return "executable";
                } else {
                        return "file";
                };
        } else {
                return "unknown";
        }
}


## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
## functions returning short HTML fragments, or transforming HTML fragments
## which don't belong to other sections

# format line of commit message.
sub format_log_line_html {
        my $line = shift;

        $line = esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1);
        $line =~ s{\b([0-9a-fA-F]{8,40})\b}{
                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"object", hash=>$1),
                                        -class => "text"}, $1);
        }eg;

        return $line;
}

# format marker of refs pointing to given object

# the destination action is chosen based on object type and current context:
# - for annotated tags, we choose the tag view unless it's the current view
#   already, in which case we go to shortlog view
# - for other refs, we keep the current view if we're in history, shortlog or
#   log view, and select shortlog otherwise
sub format_ref_marker {
        my ($refs, $id) = @_;
        my $markers = '';

        if (defined $refs->{$id}) {
                foreach my $ref (@{$refs->{$id}}) {
                        # this code exploits the fact that non-lightweight tags are the
                        # only indirect objects, and that they are the only objects for which
                        # we want to use tag instead of shortlog as action
                        my ($type, $name) = qw();
                        my $indirect = ($ref =~ s/\^\{\}$//);
                        # e.g. tags/v2.6.11 or heads/next
                        if ($ref =~ m!^(.*?)s?/(.*)$!) {
                                $type = $1;
                                $name = $2;
                        } else {
                                $type = "ref";
                                $name = $ref;
                        }

                        my $class = $type;
                        $class .= " indirect" if $indirect;

                        my $dest_action = "shortlog";

                        if ($indirect) {
                                $dest_action = "tag" unless $action eq "tag";
                        } elsif ($action =~ /^(history|(short)?log)$/) {
                                $dest_action = $action;
                        }

                        my $dest = "";
                        $dest .= "refs/" unless $ref =~ m!^refs/!;
                        $dest .= $ref;

                        my $link = $cgi->a({
                                -href => href(
                                        action=>$dest_action,
                                        hash=>$dest
                                )}, $name);

                        $markers .= " <span class=\"$class\" title=\"$ref\">" .
                                $link . "</span>";
                }
        }

        if ($markers) {
                return ' <span class="refs">'. $markers . '</span>';
        } else {
                return "";
        }
}

# format, perhaps shortened and with markers, title line
sub format_subject_html {
        my ($long, $short, $href, $extra) = @_;
        $extra = '' unless defined($extra);

        if (length($short) < length($long)) {
                $long =~ s/[[:cntrl:]]/?/g;
                return $cgi->a({-href => $href, -class => "list subject",
                                -title => to_utf8($long)},
                       esc_html($short)) . $extra;
        } else {
                return $cgi->a({-href => $href, -class => "list subject"},
                       esc_html($long)) . $extra;
        }
}

# Rather than recomputing the url for an email multiple times, we cache it
# after the first hit. This gives a visible benefit in views where the avatar
# for the same email is used repeatedly (e.g. shortlog).
# The cache is shared by all avatar engines (currently gravatar only), which
# are free to use it as preferred. Since only one avatar engine is used for any
# given page, there's no risk for cache conflicts.
our %avatar_cache = ();

# Compute the picon url for a given email, by using the picon search service over at
# http://www.cs.indiana.edu/picons/search.html
sub picon_url {
        my $email = lc shift;
        if (!$avatar_cache{$email}) {
                my ($user, $domain) = split('@', $email);
                $avatar_cache{$email} =
                        "http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
                        "$domain/$user/" .
                        "users+domains+unknown/up/single";
        }
        return $avatar_cache{$email};
}

# Compute the gravatar url for a given email, if it's not in the cache already.
# Gravatar stores only the part of the URL before the size, since that's the
# one computationally more expensive. This also allows reuse of the cache for
# different sizes (for this particular engine).
sub gravatar_url {
        my $email = lc shift;
        my $size = shift;
        $avatar_cache{$email} ||=
                "http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
                        Digest::MD5::md5_hex($email) . "?s=";
        return $avatar_cache{$email} . $size;
}

# Insert an avatar for the given $email at the given $size if the feature
# is enabled.
sub git_get_avatar {
        my ($email, %opts) = @_;
        my $pre_white  = ($opts{-pad_before} ? "&nbsp;" : "");
        my $post_white = ($opts{-pad_after}  ? "&nbsp;" : "");
        $opts{-size} ||= 'default';
        my $size = $avatar_size{$opts{-size}} || $avatar_size{'default'};
        my $url = "";
        if ($git_avatar eq 'gravatar') {
                $url = gravatar_url($email, $size);
        } elsif ($git_avatar eq 'picon') {
                $url = picon_url($email);
        }
        # Other providers can be added by extending the if chain, defining $url
        # as needed. If no variant puts something in $url, we assume avatars
        # are completely disabled/unavailable.
        if ($url) {
                return $pre_white .
                       "<img width=\"$size\" " .
                            "class=\"avatar\" " .
                            "src=\"$url\" " .
                            "alt=\"\" " .
                       "/>" . $post_white;
        } else {
                return "";
        }
}

# format the author name of the given commit with the given tag
# the author name is chopped and escaped according to the other
# optional parameters (see chop_str).
sub format_author_html {
        my $tag = shift;
        my $co = shift;
        my $author = chop_and_escape_str($co->{'author_name'}, @_);
        return "<$tag class=\"author\">" .
               git_get_avatar($co->{'author_email'}, -pad_after => 1) .
               $author . "</$tag>";
}

# format git diff header line, i.e. "diff --(git|combined|cc) ..."
sub format_git_diff_header_line {
        my $line = shift;
        my $diffinfo = shift;
        my ($from, $to) = @_;

        if ($diffinfo->{'nparents'}) {
                # combined diff
                $line =~ s!^(diff (.*?) )"?.*$!$1!;
                if ($to->{'href'}) {
                        $line .= $cgi->a({-href => $to->{'href'}, -class => "path"},
                                         esc_path($to->{'file'}));
                } else { # file was deleted (no href)
                        $line .= esc_path($to->{'file'});
                }
        } else {
                # "ordinary" diff
                $line =~ s!^(diff (.*?) )"?a/.*$!$1!;
                if ($from->{'href'}) {
                        $line .= $cgi->a({-href => $from->{'href'}, -class => "path"},
                                         'a/' . esc_path($from->{'file'}));
                } else { # file was added (no href)
                        $line .= 'a/' . esc_path($from->{'file'});
                }
                $line .= ' ';
                if ($to->{'href'}) {
                        $line .= $cgi->a({-href => $to->{'href'}, -class => "path"},
                                         'b/' . esc_path($to->{'file'}));
                } else { # file was deleted
                        $line .= 'b/' . esc_path($to->{'file'});
                }
        }

        return "<div class=\"diff header\">$line</div>\n";
}

# format extended diff header line, before patch itself
sub format_extended_diff_header_line {
        my $line = shift;
        my $diffinfo = shift;
        my ($from, $to) = @_;

        # match <path>
        if ($line =~ s!^((copy|rename) from ).*$!$1! && $from->{'href'}) {
                $line .= $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}, -class=>"path"},
                                       esc_path($from->{'file'}));
        }
        if ($line =~ s!^((copy|rename) to ).*$!$1! && $to->{'href'}) {
                $line .= $cgi->a({-href=>$to->{'href'}, -class=>"path"},
                                 esc_path($to->{'file'}));
        }
        # match single <mode>
        if ($line =~ m/\s(\d{6})$/) {
                $line .= '<span class="info"> (' .
                         file_type_long($1) .
                         ')</span>';
        }
        # match <hash>
        if ($line =~ m/^index [0-9a-fA-F]{40},[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/) {
                # can match only for combined diff
                $line = 'index ';
                for (my $i = 0; $i < $diffinfo->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
                        if ($from->{'href'}[$i]) {
                                $line .= $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}[$i],
                                                  -class=>"hash"},
                                                 substr($diffinfo->{'from_id'}[$i],0,7));
                        } else {
                                $line .= '0' x 7;
                        }
                        # separator
                        $line .= ',' if ($i < $diffinfo->{'nparents'} - 1);
                }
                $line .= '..';
                if ($to->{'href'}) {
                        $line .= $cgi->a({-href=>$to->{'href'}, -class=>"hash"},
                                         substr($diffinfo->{'to_id'},0,7));
                } else {
                        $line .= '0' x 7;
                }

        } elsif ($line =~ m/^index [0-9a-fA-F]{40}..[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/) {
                # can match only for ordinary diff
                my ($from_link, $to_link);
                if ($from->{'href'}) {
                        $from_link = $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}, -class=>"hash"},
                                             substr($diffinfo->{'from_id'},0,7));
                } else {
                        $from_link = '0' x 7;
                }
                if ($to->{'href'}) {
                        $to_link = $cgi->a({-href=>$to->{'href'}, -class=>"hash"},
                                           substr($diffinfo->{'to_id'},0,7));
                } else {
                        $to_link = '0' x 7;
                }
                my ($from_id, $to_id) = ($diffinfo->{'from_id'}, $diffinfo->{'to_id'});
                $line =~ s!$from_id\.\.$to_id!$from_link..$to_link!;
        }

        return $line . "<br/>\n";
}

# format from-file/to-file diff header
sub format_diff_from_to_header {
        my ($from_line, $to_line, $diffinfo, $from, $to, @parents) = @_;
        my $line;
        my $result = '';

        $line = $from_line;
        #assert($line =~ m/^---/) if DEBUG;
        # no extra formatting for "^--- /dev/null"
        if (! $diffinfo->{'nparents'}) {
                # ordinary (single parent) diff
                if ($line =~ m!^--- "?a/!) {
                        if ($from->{'href'}) {
                                $line = '--- a/' .
                                        $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}, -class=>"path"},
                                                esc_path($from->{'file'}));
                        } else {
                                $line = '--- a/' .
                                        esc_path($from->{'file'});
                        }
                }
                $result .= qq!<div class="diff from_file">$line</div>\n!;

        } else {
                # combined diff (merge commit)
                for (my $i = 0; $i < $diffinfo->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
                        if ($from->{'href'}[$i]) {
                                $line = '--- ' .
                                        $cgi->a({-href=>href(action=>"blobdiff",
                                                             hash_parent=>$diffinfo->{'from_id'}[$i],
                                                             hash_parent_base=>$parents[$i],
                                                             file_parent=>$from->{'file'}[$i],
                                                             hash=>$diffinfo->{'to_id'},
                                                             hash_base=>$hash,
                                                             file_name=>$to->{'file'}),
                                                 -class=>"path",
                                                 -title=>"diff" . ($i+1)},
                                                $i+1) .
                                        '/' .
                                        $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}[$i], -class=>"path"},
                                                esc_path($from->{'file'}[$i]));
                        } else {
                                $line = '--- /dev/null';
                        }
                        $result .= qq!<div class="diff from_file">$line</div>\n!;
                }
        }

        $line = $to_line;
        #assert($line =~ m/^\+\+\+/) if DEBUG;
        # no extra formatting for "^+++ /dev/null"
        if ($line =~ m!^\+\+\+ "?b/!) {
                if ($to->{'href'}) {
                        $line = '+++ b/' .
                                $cgi->a({-href=>$to->{'href'}, -class=>"path"},
                                        esc_path($to->{'file'}));
                } else {
                        $line = '+++ b/' .
                                esc_path($to->{'file'});
                }
        }
        $result .= qq!<div class="diff to_file">$line</div>\n!;

        return $result;
}

# create note for patch simplified by combined diff
sub format_diff_cc_simplified {
        my ($diffinfo, @parents) = @_;
        my $result = '';

        $result .= "<div class=\"diff header\">" .
                   "diff --cc ";
        if (!is_deleted($diffinfo)) {
                $result .= $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob",
                                                  hash_base=>$hash,
                                                  hash=>$diffinfo->{'to_id'},
                                                  file_name=>$diffinfo->{'to_file'}),
                                    -class => "path"},
                                   esc_path($diffinfo->{'to_file'}));
        } else {
                $result .= esc_path($diffinfo->{'to_file'});
        }
        $result .= "</div>\n" . # class="diff header"
                   "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">" .
                   "Simple merge" .
                   "</div>\n"; # class="diff nodifferences"

        return $result;
}

# format patch (diff) line (not to be used for diff headers)
sub format_diff_line {
        my $line = shift;
        my ($from, $to) = @_;
        my $diff_class = "";

        chomp $line;

        if ($from && $to && ref($from->{'href'}) eq "ARRAY") {
                # combined diff
                my $prefix = substr($line, 0, scalar @{$from->{'href'}});
                if ($line =~ m/^\@{3}/) {
                        $diff_class = " chunk_header";
                } elsif ($line =~ m/^\\/) {
                        $diff_class = " incomplete";
                } elsif ($prefix =~ tr/+/+/) {
                        $diff_class = " add";
                } elsif ($prefix =~ tr/-/-/) {
                        $diff_class = " rem";
                }
        } else {
                # assume ordinary diff
                my $char = substr($line, 0, 1);
                if ($char eq '+') {
                        $diff_class = " add";
                } elsif ($char eq '-') {
                        $diff_class = " rem";
                } elsif ($char eq '@') {
                        $diff_class = " chunk_header";
                } elsif ($char eq "\\") {
                        $diff_class = " incomplete";
                }
        }
        $line = untabify($line);
        if ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{2} /) {
                my ($from_text, $from_start, $from_lines, $to_text, $to_start, $to_lines, $section) =
                        $line =~ m/^\@{2} (-(\d+)(?:,(\d+))?) (\+(\d+)(?:,(\d+))?) \@{2}(.*)$/;

                $from_lines = 0 unless defined $from_lines;
                $to_lines   = 0 unless defined $to_lines;

                if ($from->{'href'}) {
                        $from_text = $cgi->a({-href=>"$from->{'href'}#l$from_start",
                                             -class=>"list"}, $from_text);
                }
                if ($to->{'href'}) {
                        $to_text   = $cgi->a({-href=>"$to->{'href'}#l$to_start",
                                             -class=>"list"}, $to_text);
                }
                $line = "<span class=\"chunk_info\">@@ $from_text $to_text @@</span>" .
                        "<span class=\"section\">" . esc_html($section, -nbsp=>1) . "</span>";
                return "<div class=\"diff$diff_class\">$line</div>\n";
        } elsif ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{3}/) {
                my ($prefix, $ranges, $section) = $line =~ m/^(\@+) (.*?) \@+(.*)$/;
                my (@from_text, @from_start, @from_nlines, $to_text, $to_start, $to_nlines);

                @from_text = split(' ', $ranges);
                for (my $i = 0; $i < @from_text; ++$i) {
                        ($from_start[$i], $from_nlines[$i]) =
                                (split(',', substr($from_text[$i], 1)), 0);
                }

                $to_text   = pop @from_text;
                $to_start  = pop @from_start;
                $to_nlines = pop @from_nlines;

                $line = "<span class=\"chunk_info\">$prefix ";
                for (my $i = 0; $i < @from_text; ++$i) {
                        if ($from->{'href'}[$i]) {
                                $line .= $cgi->a({-href=>"$from->{'href'}[$i]#l$from_start[$i]",
                                                  -class=>"list"}, $from_text[$i]);
                        } else {
                                $line .= $from_text[$i];
                        }
                        $line .= " ";
                }
                if ($to->{'href'}) {
                        $line .= $cgi->a({-href=>"$to->{'href'}#l$to_start",
                                          -class=>"list"}, $to_text);
                } else {
                        $line .= $to_text;
                }
                $line .= " $prefix</span>" .
                         "<span class=\"section\">" . esc_html($section, -nbsp=>1) . "</span>";
                return "<div class=\"diff$diff_class\">$line</div>\n";
        }
        return "<div class=\"diff$diff_class\">" . esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1) . "</div>\n";
}

# Generates undef or something like "_snapshot_" or "snapshot (_tbz2_ _zip_)",
# linked.  Pass the hash of the tree/commit to snapshot.
sub format_snapshot_links {
        my ($hash) = @_;
        my $num_fmts = @snapshot_fmts;
        if ($num_fmts > 1) {
                # A parenthesized list of links bearing format names.
                # e.g. "snapshot (_tar.gz_ _zip_)"
                return "snapshot (" . join(' ', map
                        $cgi->a({
                                -href => href(
                                        action=>"snapshot",
                                        hash=>$hash,
                                        snapshot_format=>$_
                                )
                        }, $known_snapshot_formats{$_}{'display'})
                , @snapshot_fmts) . ")";
        } elsif ($num_fmts == 1) {
                # A single "snapshot" link whose tooltip bears the format name.
                # i.e. "_snapshot_"
                my ($fmt) = @snapshot_fmts;
                return
                        $cgi->a({
                                -href => href(
                                        action=>"snapshot",
                                        hash=>$hash,
                                        snapshot_format=>$fmt
                                ),
                                -title => "in format: $known_snapshot_formats{$fmt}{'display'}"
                        }, "snapshot");
        } else { # $num_fmts == 0
                return undef;
        }
}

## ......................................................................
## functions returning values to be passed, perhaps after some
## transformation, to other functions; e.g. returning arguments to href()

# returns hash to be passed to href to generate gitweb URL
# in -title key it returns description of link
sub get_feed_info {
        my $format = shift || 'Atom';
        my %res = (action => lc($format));

        # feed links are possible only for project views
        return unless (defined $project);
        # some views should link to OPML, or to generic project feed,
        # or don't have specific feed yet (so they should use generic)
        return if ($action =~ /^(?:tags|heads|forks|tag|search)$/x);

        my $branch;
        # branches refs uses 'refs/heads/' prefix (fullname) to differentiate
        # from tag links; this also makes possible to detect branch links
        if ((defined $hash_base && $hash_base =~ m!^refs/heads/(.*)$!) ||
            (defined $hash      && $hash      =~ m!^refs/heads/(.*)$!)) {
                $branch = $1;
        }
        # find log type for feed description (title)
        my $type = 'log';
        if (defined $file_name) {
                $type  = "history of $file_name";
                $type .= "/" if ($action eq 'tree');
                $type .= " on '$branch'" if (defined $branch);
        } else {
                $type = "log of $branch" if (defined $branch);
        }

        $res{-title} = $type;
        $res{'hash'} = (defined $branch ? "refs/heads/$branch" : undef);
        $res{'file_name'} = $file_name;

        return %res;
}

## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
## git utility subroutines, invoking git commands

# returns path to the core git executable and the --git-dir parameter as list
sub git_cmd {
        $number_of_git_cmds++;
        return $GIT, '--git-dir='.$git_dir;
}

# quote the given arguments for passing them to the shell
# quote_command("command", "arg 1", "arg with ' and ! characters")
# => "'command' 'arg 1' 'arg with '\'' and '\!' characters'"
# Try to avoid using this function wherever possible.
sub quote_command {
        return join(' ',
                map { my $a = $_; $a =~ s/(['!])/'\\$1'/g; "'$a'" } @_ );
}

# get HEAD ref of given project as hash
sub git_get_head_hash {
        my $project = shift;
        my $o_git_dir = $git_dir;
        my $retval = undef;
        $git_dir = "$projectroot/$project";
        if (open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-parse", "--verify", "HEAD") {
                my $head = <$fd>;
                close $fd;
                if (defined $head && $head =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]{40})$/) {
                        $retval = $1;
                }
        }
        if (defined $o_git_dir) {
                $git_dir = $o_git_dir;
        }
        return $retval;
}

# get type of given object
sub git_get_type {
        my $hash = shift;

        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", '-t', $hash or return;
        my $type = <$fd>;
        close $fd or return;
        chomp $type;
        return $type;
}

# repository configuration
our $config_file = '';
our %config;

# store multiple values for single key as anonymous array reference
# single values stored directly in the hash, not as [ <value> ]
sub hash_set_multi {
        my ($hash, $key, $value) = @_;

        if (!exists $hash->{$key}) {
                $hash->{$key} = $value;
        } elsif (!ref $hash->{$key}) {
                $hash->{$key} = [ $hash->{$key}, $value ];
        } else {
                push @{$hash->{$key}}, $value;
        }
}

# return hash of git project configuration
# optionally limited to some section, e.g. 'gitweb'
sub git_parse_project_config {
        my $section_regexp = shift;
        my %config;

        local $/ = "\0";

        open my $fh, "-|", git_cmd(), "config", '-z', '-l',
                or return;

        while (my $keyval = <$fh>) {
                chomp $keyval;
                my ($key, $value) = split(/\n/, $keyval, 2);

                hash_set_multi(\%config, $key, $value)
                        if (!defined $section_regexp || $key =~ /^(?:$section_regexp)\./o);
        }
        close $fh;

        return %config;
}

# convert config value to boolean: 'true' or 'false'
# no value, number > 0, 'true' and 'yes' values are true
# rest of values are treated as false (never as error)
sub config_to_bool {
        my $val = shift;

        return 1 if !defined $val;             # section.key

        # strip leading and trailing whitespace
        $val =~ s/^\s+//;
        $val =~ s/\s+$//;

        return (($val =~ /^\d+$/ && $val) ||   # section.key = 1
                ($val =~ /^(?:true|yes)$/i));  # section.key = true
}

# convert config value to simple decimal number
# an optional value suffix of 'k', 'm', or 'g' will cause the value
# to be multiplied by 1024, 1048576, or 1073741824
sub config_to_int {
        my $val = shift;

        # strip leading and trailing whitespace
        $val =~ s/^\s+//;
        $val =~ s/\s+$//;

        if (my ($num, $unit) = ($val =~ /^([0-9]*)([kmg])$/i)) {
                $unit = lc($unit);
                # unknown unit is treated as 1
                return $num * ($unit eq 'g' ? 1073741824 :
                               $unit eq 'm' ?    1048576 :
                               $unit eq 'k' ?       1024 : 1);
        }
        return $val;
}

# convert config value to array reference, if needed
sub config_to_multi {
        my $val = shift;

        return ref($val) ? $val : (defined($val) ? [ $val ] : []);
}

sub git_get_project_config {
        my ($key, $type) = @_;

        # key sanity check
        return unless ($key);
        $key =~ s/^gitweb\.//;
        return if ($key =~ m/\W/);

        # type sanity check
        if (defined $type) {
                $type =~ s/^--//;
                $type = undef
                        unless ($type eq 'bool' || $type eq 'int');
        }

        # get config
        if (!defined $config_file ||
            $config_file ne "$git_dir/config") {
                %config = git_parse_project_config('gitweb');
                $config_file = "$git_dir/config";
        }

        # check if config variable (key) exists
        return unless exists $config{"gitweb.$key"};

        # ensure given type
        if (!defined $type) {
                return $config{"gitweb.$key"};
        } elsif ($type eq 'bool') {
                # backward compatibility: 'git config --bool' returns true/false
                return config_to_bool($config{"gitweb.$key"}) ? 'true' : 'false';
        } elsif ($type eq 'int') {
                return config_to_int($config{"gitweb.$key"});
        }
        return $config{"gitweb.$key"};
}

# get hash of given path at given ref
sub git_get_hash_by_path {
        my $base = shift;
        my $path = shift || return undef;
        my $type = shift;

        $path =~ s,/+$,,;

        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", $base, "--", $path
                or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
        my $line = <$fd>;
        close $fd or return undef;

        if (!defined $line) {
                # there is no tree or hash given by $path at $base
                return undef;
        }

        #'100644 blob 0fa3f3a66fb6a137f6ec2c19351ed4d807070ffa  panic.c'
        $line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t/;
        if (defined $type && $type ne $2) {
                # type doesn't match
                return undef;
        }
        return $3;
}

# get path of entry with given hash at given tree-ish (ref)
# used to get 'from' filename for combined diff (merge commit) for renames
sub git_get_path_by_hash {
        my $base = shift || return;
        my $hash = shift || return;

        local $/ = "\0";

        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", '-r', '-t', '-z', $base
                or return undef;
        while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                chomp $line;

                #'040000 tree 595596a6a9117ddba9fe379b6b012b558bac8423  gitweb'
                #'100644 blob e02e90f0429be0d2a69b76571101f20b8f75530f  gitweb/README'
                if ($line =~ m/(?:[0-9]+) (?:.+) $hash\t(.+)$/) {
                        close $fd;
                        return $1;
                }
        }
        close $fd;
        return undef;
}

## ......................................................................
## git utility functions, directly accessing git repository

sub git_get_project_description {
        my $path = shift;

        $git_dir = "$projectroot/$path";
        open my $fd, '<', "$git_dir/description"
                or return git_get_project_config('description');
        my $descr = <$fd>;
        close $fd;
        if (defined $descr) {
                chomp $descr;
        }
        return $descr;
}

sub git_get_project_ctags {
        my $path = shift;
        my $ctags = {};

        $git_dir = "$projectroot/$path";
        opendir my $dh, "$git_dir/ctags"
                or return $ctags;
        foreach (grep { -f $_ } map { "$git_dir/ctags/$_" } readdir($dh)) {
                open my $ct, '<', $_ or next;
                my $val = <$ct>;
                chomp $val;
                close $ct;
                my $ctag = $_; $ctag =~ s#.*/##;
                $ctags->{$ctag} = $val;
        }
        closedir $dh;
        $ctags;
}

sub git_populate_project_tagcloud {
        my $ctags = shift;

        # First, merge different-cased tags; tags vote on casing
        my %ctags_lc;
        foreach (keys %$ctags) {
                $ctags_lc{lc $_}->{count} += $ctags->{$_};
                if (not $ctags_lc{lc $_}->{topcount}
                    or $ctags_lc{lc $_}->{topcount} < $ctags->{$_}) {
                        $ctags_lc{lc $_}->{topcount} = $ctags->{$_};
                        $ctags_lc{lc $_}->{topname} = $_;
                }
        }

        my $cloud;
        if (eval { require HTML::TagCloud; 1; }) {
                $cloud = HTML::TagCloud->new;
                foreach (sort keys %ctags_lc) {
                        # Pad the title with spaces so that the cloud looks
                        # less crammed.
                        my $title = $ctags_lc{$_}->{topname};
                        $title =~ s/ /&nbsp;/g;
                        $title =~ s/^/&nbsp;/g;
                        $title =~ s/$/&nbsp;/g;
                        $cloud->add($title, $home_link."?by_tag=".$_, $ctags_lc{$_}->{count});
                }
        } else {
                $cloud = \%ctags_lc;
        }
        $cloud;
}

sub git_show_project_tagcloud {
        my ($cloud, $count) = @_;
        print STDERR ref($cloud)."..\n";
        if (ref $cloud eq 'HTML::TagCloud') {
                return $cloud->html_and_css($count);
        } else {
                my @tags = sort { $cloud->{$a}->{count} <=> $cloud->{$b}->{count} } keys %$cloud;
                return '<p align="center">' . join (', ', map {
                        "<a href=\"$home_link?by_tag=$_\">$cloud->{$_}->{topname}</a>"
                } splice(@tags, 0, $count)) . '</p>';
        }
}

sub git_get_project_url_list {
        my $path = shift;

        $git_dir = "$projectroot/$path";
        open my $fd, '<', "$git_dir/cloneurl"
                or return wantarray ?
                @{ config_to_multi(git_get_project_config('url')) } :
                   config_to_multi(git_get_project_config('url'));
        my @git_project_url_list = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
        close $fd;

        return wantarray ? @git_project_url_list : \@git_project_url_list;
}

sub git_get_projects_list {
        my ($filter) = @_;
        my @list;

        $filter ||= '';
        $filter =~ s/\.git$//;

        my $check_forks = gitweb_check_feature('forks');

        if (-d $projects_list) {
                # search in directory
                my $dir = $projects_list . ($filter ? "/$filter" : '');
                # remove the trailing "/"
                $dir =~ s!/+$!!;
                my $pfxlen = length("$dir");
                my $pfxdepth = ($dir =~ tr!/!!);

                File::Find::find({
                        follow_fast => 1, # follow symbolic links
                        follow_skip => 2, # ignore duplicates
                        dangling_symlinks => 0, # ignore dangling symlinks, silently
                        wanted => sub {
                                # skip project-list toplevel, if we get it.
                                return if (m!^[/.]$!);
                                # only directories can be git repositories
                                return unless (-d $_);
                                # don't traverse too deep (Find is super slow on os x)
                                if (($File::Find::name =~ tr!/!!) - $pfxdepth > $project_maxdepth) {
                                        $File::Find::prune = 1;
                                        return;
                                }

                                my $subdir = substr($File::Find::name, $pfxlen + 1);
                                # we check related file in $projectroot
                                my $path = ($filter ? "$filter/" : '') . $subdir;
                                if (check_export_ok("$projectroot/$path")) {
                                        push @list, { path => $path };
                                        $File::Find::prune = 1;
                                }
                        },
                }, "$dir");

        } elsif (-f $projects_list) {
                # read from file(url-encoded):
                # 'git%2Fgit.git Linus+Torvalds'
                # 'libs%2Fklibc%2Fklibc.git H.+Peter+Anvin'
                # 'linux%2Fhotplug%2Fudev.git Greg+Kroah-Hartman'
                my %paths;
                open my $fd, '<', $projects_list or return;
        PROJECT:
                while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                        chomp $line;
                        my ($path, $owner) = split ' ', $line;
                        $path = unescape($path);
                        $owner = unescape($owner);
                        if (!defined $path) {
                                next;
                        }
                        if ($filter ne '') {
                                # looking for forks;
                                my $pfx = substr($path, 0, length($filter));
                                if ($pfx ne $filter) {
                                        next PROJECT;
                                }
                                my $sfx = substr($path, length($filter));
                                if ($sfx !~ /^\/.*\.git$/) {
                                        next PROJECT;
                                }
                        } elsif ($check_forks) {
                        PATH:
                                foreach my $filter (keys %paths) {
                                        # looking for forks;
                                        my $pfx = substr($path, 0, length($filter));
                                        if ($pfx ne $filter) {
                                                next PATH;
                                        }
                                        my $sfx = substr($path, length($filter));
                                        if ($sfx !~ /^\/.*\.git$/) {
                                                next PATH;
                                        }
                                        # is a fork, don't include it in
                                        # the list
                                        next PROJECT;
                                }
                        }
                        if (check_export_ok("$projectroot/$path")) {
                                my $pr = {
                                        path => $path,
                                        owner => to_utf8($owner),
                                };
                                push @list, $pr;
                                (my $forks_path = $path) =~ s/\.git$//;
                                $paths{$forks_path}++;
                        }
                }
                close $fd;
        }
        return @list;
}

our $gitweb_project_owner = undef;
sub git_get_project_list_from_file {

        return if (defined $gitweb_project_owner);

        $gitweb_project_owner = {};
        # read from file (url-encoded):
        # 'git%2Fgit.git Linus+Torvalds'
        # 'libs%2Fklibc%2Fklibc.git H.+Peter+Anvin'
        # 'linux%2Fhotplug%2Fudev.git Greg+Kroah-Hartman'
        if (-f $projects_list) {
                open(my $fd, '<', $projects_list);
                while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                        chomp $line;
                        my ($pr, $ow) = split ' ', $line;
                        $pr = unescape($pr);
                        $ow = unescape($ow);
                        $gitweb_project_owner->{$pr} = to_utf8($ow);
                }
                close $fd;
        }
}

sub git_get_project_owner {
        my $project = shift;
        my $owner;

        return undef unless $project;
        $git_dir = "$projectroot/$project";

        if (!defined $gitweb_project_owner) {
                git_get_project_list_from_file();
        }

        if (exists $gitweb_project_owner->{$project}) {
                $owner = $gitweb_project_owner->{$project};
        }
        if (!defined $owner){
                $owner = git_get_project_config('owner');
        }
        if (!defined $owner) {
                $owner = get_file_owner("$git_dir");
        }

        return $owner;
}

sub git_get_last_activity {
        my ($path) = @_;
        my $fd;

        $git_dir = "$projectroot/$path";
        open($fd, "-|", git_cmd(), 'for-each-ref',
             '--format=%(committer)',
             '--sort=-committerdate',
             '--count=1',
             'refs/heads') or return;
        my $most_recent = <$fd>;
        close $fd or return;
        if (defined $most_recent &&
            $most_recent =~ / (\d+) [-+][01]\d\d\d$/) {
                my $timestamp = $1;
                my $age = time - $timestamp;
                return ($age, age_string($age));
        }
        return (undef, undef);
}

sub git_get_references {
        my $type = shift || "";
        my %refs;
        # 5dc01c595e6c6ec9ccda4f6f69c131c0dd945f8c refs/tags/v2.6.11
        # c39ae07f393806ccf406ef966e9a15afc43cc36a refs/tags/v2.6.11^{}
        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "show-ref", "--dereference",
                ($type ? ("--", "refs/$type") : ()) # use -- <pattern> if $type
                or return;

        while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                chomp $line;
                if ($line =~ m!^([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\srefs/($type.*)$!) {
                        if (defined $refs{$1}) {
                                push @{$refs{$1}}, $2;
                        } else {
                                $refs{$1} = [ $2 ];
                        }
                }
        }
        close $fd or return;
        return \%refs;
}

sub git_get_rev_name_tags {
        my $hash = shift || return undef;

        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "name-rev", "--tags", $hash
                or return;
        my $name_rev = <$fd>;
        close $fd;

        if ($name_rev =~ m|^$hash tags/(.*)$|) {
                return $1;
        } else {
                # catches also '$hash undefined' output
                return undef;
        }
}

## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
## parse to hash functions

sub parse_date {
        my $epoch = shift;
        my $tz = shift || "-0000";

        my %date;
        my @months = ("Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec");
        my @days = ("Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat");
        my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday) = gmtime($epoch);
        $date{'hour'} = $hour;
        $date{'minute'} = $min;
        $date{'mday'} = $mday;
        $date{'day'} = $days[$wday];
        $date{'month'} = $months[$mon];
        $date{'rfc2822'}   = sprintf "%s, %d %s %4d %02d:%02d:%02d +0000",
                             $days[$wday], $mday, $months[$mon], 1900+$year, $hour ,$min, $sec;
        $date{'mday-time'} = sprintf "%d %s %02d:%02d",
                             $mday, $months[$mon], $hour ,$min;
        $date{'iso-8601'}  = sprintf "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02dZ",
                             1900+$year, 1+$mon, $mday, $hour ,$min, $sec;

        $tz =~ m/^([+\-][0-9][0-9])([0-9][0-9])$/;
        my $local = $epoch + ((int $1 + ($2/60)) * 3600);
        ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday) = gmtime($local);
        $date{'hour_local'} = $hour;
        $date{'minute_local'} = $min;
        $date{'tz_local'} = $tz;
        $date{'iso-tz'} = sprintf("%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s",
                                  1900+$year, $mon+1, $mday,
                                  $hour, $min, $sec, $tz);
        return %date;
}

sub parse_tag {
        my $tag_id = shift;
        my %tag;
        my @comment;

        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", "tag", $tag_id or return;
        $tag{'id'} = $tag_id;
        while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                chomp $line;
                if ($line =~ m/^object ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})$/) {
                        $tag{'object'} = $1;
                } elsif ($line =~ m/^type (.+)$/) {
                        $tag{'type'} = $1;
                } elsif ($line =~ m/^tag (.+)$/) {
                        $tag{'name'} = $1;
                } elsif ($line =~ m/^tagger (.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/) {
                        $tag{'author'} = $1;
                        $tag{'author_epoch'} = $2;
                        $tag{'author_tz'} = $3;
                        if ($tag{'author'} =~ m/^([^<]+) <([^>]*)>/) {
                                $tag{'author_name'}  = $1;
                                $tag{'author_email'} = $2;
                        } else {
                                $tag{'author_name'} = $tag{'author'};
                        }
                } elsif ($line =~ m/--BEGIN/) {
                        push @comment, $line;
                        last;
                } elsif ($line eq "") {
                        last;
                }
        }
        push @comment, <$fd>;
        $tag{'comment'} = \@comment;
        close $fd or return;
        if (!defined $tag{'name'}) {
                return
        };
        return %tag
}

sub parse_commit_text {
        my ($commit_text, $withparents) = @_;
        my @commit_lines = split '\n', $commit_text;
        my %co;

        pop @commit_lines; # Remove '\0'

        if (! @commit_lines) {
                return;
        }

        my $header = shift @commit_lines;
        if ($header !~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/) {
                return;
        }
        ($co{'id'}, my @parents) = split ' ', $header;
        while (my $line = shift @commit_lines) {
                last if $line eq "\n";
                if ($line =~ m/^tree ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})$/) {
                        $co{'tree'} = $1;
                } elsif ((!defined $withparents) && ($line =~ m/^parent ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})$/)) {
                        push @parents, $1;
                } elsif ($line =~ m/^author (.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/) {
                        $co{'author'} = to_utf8($1);
                        $co{'author_epoch'} = $2;
                        $co{'author_tz'} = $3;
                        if ($co{'author'} =~ m/^([^<]+) <([^>]*)>/) {
                                $co{'author_name'}  = $1;
                                $co{'author_email'} = $2;
                        } else {
                                $co{'author_name'} = $co{'author'};
                        }
                } elsif ($line =~ m/^committer (.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/) {
                        $co{'committer'} = to_utf8($1);
                        $co{'committer_epoch'} = $2;
                        $co{'committer_tz'} = $3;
                        if ($co{'committer'} =~ m/^([^<]+) <([^>]*)>/) {
                                $co{'committer_name'}  = $1;
                                $co{'committer_email'} = $2;
                        } else {
                                $co{'committer_name'} = $co{'committer'};
                        }
                }
        }
        if (!defined $co{'tree'}) {
                return;
        };
        $co{'parents'} = \@parents;
        $co{'parent'} = $parents[0];

        foreach my $title (@commit_lines) {
                $title =~ s/^    //;
                if ($title ne "") {
                        $co{'title'} = chop_str($title, 80, 5);
                        # remove leading stuff of merges to make the interesting part visible
                        if (length($title) > 50) {
                                $title =~ s/^Automatic //;
                                $title =~ s/^merge (of|with) /Merge ... /i;
                                if (length($title) > 50) {
                                        $title =~ s/(http|rsync):\/\///;
                                }
                                if (length($title) > 50) {
                                        $title =~ s/(master|www|rsync)\.//;
                                }
                                if (length($title) > 50) {
                                        $title =~ s/kernel.org:?//;
                                }
                                if (length($title) > 50) {
                                        $title =~ s/\/pub\/scm//;
                                }
                        }
                        $co{'title_short'} = chop_str($title, 50, 5);
                        last;
                }
        }
        if (! defined $co{'title'} || $co{'title'} eq "") {
                $co{'title'} = $co{'title_short'} = '(no commit message)';
        }
        # remove added spaces
        foreach my $line (@commit_lines) {
                $line =~ s/^    //;
        }
        $co{'comment'} = \@commit_lines;

        my $age = time - $co{'committer_epoch'};
        $co{'age'} = $age;
        $co{'age_string'} = age_string($age);
        my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday) = gmtime($co{'committer_epoch'});
        if ($age > 60*60*24*7*2) {
                $co{'age_string_date'} = sprintf "%4i-%02u-%02i", 1900 + $year, $mon+1, $mday;
                $co{'age_string_age'} = $co{'age_string'};
        } else {
                $co{'age_string_date'} = $co{'age_string'};
                $co{'age_string_age'} = sprintf "%4i-%02u-%02i", 1900 + $year, $mon+1, $mday;
        }
        return %co;
}

sub parse_commit {
        my ($commit_id) = @_;
        my %co;

        local $/ = "\0";

        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list",
                "--parents",
                "--header",
                "--max-count=1",
                $commit_id,
                "--",
                or die_error(500, "Open git-rev-list failed");
        %co = parse_commit_text(<$fd>, 1);
        close $fd;

        return %co;
}

sub parse_commits {
        my ($commit_id, $maxcount, $skip, $filename, @args) = @_;
        my @cos;

        $maxcount ||= 1;
        $skip ||= 0;

        local $/ = "\0";

        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list",
                "--header",
                @args,
                ("--max-count=" . $maxcount),
                ("--skip=" . $skip),
                @extra_options,
                $commit_id,
                "--",
                ($filename ? ($filename) : ())
                or die_error(500, "Open git-rev-list failed");
        while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                my %co = parse_commit_text($line);
                push @cos, \%co;
        }
        close $fd;

        return wantarray ? @cos : \@cos;
}

# parse line of git-diff-tree "raw" output
sub parse_difftree_raw_line {
        my $line = shift;
        my %res;

        # ':100644 100644 03b218260e99b78c6df0ed378e59ed9205ccc96d 3b93d5e7cc7f7dd4ebed13a5cc1a4ad976fc94d8 M   ls-files.c'
        # ':100644 100644 7f9281985086971d3877aca27704f2aaf9c448ce bc190ebc71bbd923f2b728e505408f5e54bd073a M   rev-tree.c'
        if ($line =~ m/^:([0-7]{6}) ([0-7]{6}) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40}) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40}) (.)([0-9]{0,3})\t(.*)$/) {
                $res{'from_mode'} = $1;
                $res{'to_mode'} = $2;
                $res{'from_id'} = $3;
                $res{'to_id'} = $4;
                $res{'status'} = $5;
                $res{'similarity'} = $6;
                if ($res{'status'} eq 'R' || $res{'status'} eq 'C') { # renamed or copied
                        ($res{'from_file'}, $res{'to_file'}) = map { unquote($_) } split("\t", $7);
                } else {
                        $res{'from_file'} = $res{'to_file'} = $res{'file'} = unquote($7);
                }
        }
        # '::100755 100755 100755 60e79ca1b01bc8b057abe17ddab484699a7f5fdb 94067cc5f73388f33722d52ae02f44692bc07490 94067cc5f73388f33722d52ae02f44692bc07490 MR git-gui/git-gui.sh'
        # combined diff (for merge commit)
        elsif ($line =~ s/^(::+)((?:[0-7]{6} )+)((?:[0-9a-fA-F]{40} )+)([a-zA-Z]+)\t(.*)$//) {
                $res{'nparents'}  = length($1);
                $res{'from_mode'} = [ split(' ', $2) ];
                $res{'to_mode'} = pop @{$res{'from_mode'}};
                $res{'from_id'} = [ split(' ', $3) ];
                $res{'to_id'} = pop @{$res{'from_id'}};
                $res{'status'} = [ split('', $4) ];
                $res{'to_file'} = unquote($5);
        }
        # 'c512b523472485aef4fff9e57b229d9d243c967f'
        elsif ($line =~ m/^([0-9a-fA-F]{40})$/) {
                $res{'commit'} = $1;
        }

        return wantarray ? %res : \%res;
}

# wrapper: return parsed line of git-diff-tree "raw" output
# (the argument might be raw line, or parsed info)
sub parsed_difftree_line {
        my $line_or_ref = shift;

        if (ref($line_or_ref) eq "HASH") {
                # pre-parsed (or generated by hand)
                return $line_or_ref;
        } else {
                return parse_difftree_raw_line($line_or_ref);
        }
}

# parse line of git-ls-tree output
sub parse_ls_tree_line {
        my $line = shift;
        my %opts = @_;
        my %res;

        #'100644 blob 0fa3f3a66fb6a137f6ec2c19351ed4d807070ffa  panic.c'
        $line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t(.+)$/s;

        $res{'mode'} = $1;
        $res{'type'} = $2;
        $res{'hash'} = $3;
        if ($opts{'-z'}) {
                $res{'name'} = $4;
        } else {
                $res{'name'} = unquote($4);
        }

        return wantarray ? %res : \%res;
}

# generates _two_ hashes, references to which are passed as 2 and 3 argument
sub parse_from_to_diffinfo {
        my ($diffinfo, $from, $to, @parents) = @_;

        if ($diffinfo->{'nparents'}) {
                # combined diff
                $from->{'file'} = [];
                $from->{'href'} = [];
                fill_from_file_info($diffinfo, @parents)
                        unless exists $diffinfo->{'from_file'};
                for (my $i = 0; $i < $diffinfo->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
                        $from->{'file'}[$i] =
                                defined $diffinfo->{'from_file'}[$i] ?
                                        $diffinfo->{'from_file'}[$i] :
                                        $diffinfo->{'to_file'};
                        if ($diffinfo->{'status'}[$i] ne "A") { # not new (added) file
                                $from->{'href'}[$i] = href(action=>"blob",
                                                           hash_base=>$parents[$i],
                                                           hash=>$diffinfo->{'from_id'}[$i],
                                                           file_name=>$from->{'file'}[$i]);
                        } else {
                                $from->{'href'}[$i] = undef;
                        }
                }
        } else {
                # ordinary (not combined) diff
                $from->{'file'} = $diffinfo->{'from_file'};
                if ($diffinfo->{'status'} ne "A") { # not new (added) file
                        $from->{'href'} = href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$hash_parent,
                                               hash=>$diffinfo->{'from_id'},
                                               file_name=>$from->{'file'});
                } else {
                        delete $from->{'href'};
                }
        }

        $to->{'file'} = $diffinfo->{'to_file'};
        if (!is_deleted($diffinfo)) { # file exists in result
                $to->{'href'} = href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$hash,
                                     hash=>$diffinfo->{'to_id'},
                                     file_name=>$to->{'file'});
        } else {
                delete $to->{'href'};
        }
}

## ......................................................................
## parse to array of hashes functions

sub git_get_heads_list {
        my $limit = shift;
        my @headslist;

        open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), 'for-each-ref',
                ($limit ? '--count='.($limit+1) : ()), '--sort=-committerdate',
                '--format=%(objectname) %(refname) %(subject)%00%(committer)',
                'refs/heads'
                or return;
        while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                my %ref_item;

                chomp $line;
                my ($refinfo, $committerinfo) = split(/\0/, $line);
                my ($hash, $name, $title) = split(' ', $refinfo, 3);
                my ($committer, $epoch, $tz) =
                        ($committerinfo =~ /^(.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/);
                $ref_item{'fullname'}  = $name;
                $name =~ s!^refs/heads/!!;

                $ref_item{'name'}  = $name;
                $ref_item{'id'}    = $hash;
                $ref_item{'title'} = $title || '(no commit message)';
                $ref_item{'epoch'} = $epoch;
                if ($epoch) {
                        $ref_item{'age'} = age_string(time - $ref_item{'epoch'});
                } else {
                        $ref_item{'age'} = "unknown";
                }

                push @headslist, \%ref_item;
        }
        close $fd;

        return wantarray ? @headslist : \@headslist;
}

sub git_get_tags_list {
        my $limit = shift;
        my @tagslist;

        open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), 'for-each-ref',
                ($limit ? '--count='.($limit+1) : ()), '--sort=-creatordate',
                '--format=%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(refname) '.
                '%(*objectname) %(*objecttype) %(subject)%00%(creator)',
                'refs/tags'
                or return;
        while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                my %ref_item;

                chomp $line;
                my ($refinfo, $creatorinfo) = split(/\0/, $line);
                my ($id, $type, $name, $refid, $reftype, $title) = split(' ', $refinfo, 6);
                my ($creator, $epoch, $tz) =
                        ($creatorinfo =~ /^(.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/);
                $ref_item{'fullname'} = $name;
                $name =~ s!^refs/tags/!!;

                $ref_item{'type'} = $type;
                $ref_item{'id'} = $id;
                $ref_item{'name'} = $name;
                if ($type eq "tag") {
                        $ref_item{'subject'} = $title;
                        $ref_item{'reftype'} = $reftype;
                        $ref_item{'refid'}   = $refid;
                } else {
                        $ref_item{'reftype'} = $type;
                        $ref_item{'refid'}   = $id;
                }

                if ($type eq "tag" || $type eq "commit") {
                        $ref_item{'epoch'} = $epoch;
                        if ($epoch) {
                                $ref_item{'age'} = age_string(time - $ref_item{'epoch'});
                        } else {
                                $ref_item{'age'} = "unknown";
                        }
                }

                push @tagslist, \%ref_item;
        }
        close $fd;

        return wantarray ? @tagslist : \@tagslist;
}

## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
## filesystem-related functions

sub get_file_owner {
        my $path = shift;

        my ($dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $st_uid, $st_gid, $rdev, $size) = stat($path);
        my ($name, $passwd, $uid, $gid, $quota, $comment, $gcos, $dir, $shell) = getpwuid($st_uid);
        if (!defined $gcos) {
                return undef;
        }
        my $owner = $gcos;
        $owner =~ s/[,;].*$//;
        return to_utf8($owner);
}

# assume that file exists
sub insert_file {
        my $filename = shift;

        open my $fd, '<', $filename;
        print map { to_utf8($_) } <$fd>;
        close $fd;
}

## ......................................................................
## mimetype related functions

sub mimetype_guess_file {
        my $filename = shift;
        my $mimemap = shift;
        -r $mimemap or return undef;

        my %mimemap;
        open(my $mh, '<', $mimemap) or return undef;
        while (<$mh>) {
                next if m/^#/; # skip comments
                my ($mimetype, $exts) = split(/\t+/);
                if (defined $exts) {
                        my @exts = split(/\s+/, $exts);
                        foreach my $ext (@exts) {
                                $mimemap{$ext} = $mimetype;
                        }
                }
        }
        close($mh);

        $filename =~ /\.([^.]*)$/;
        return $mimemap{$1};
}

sub mimetype_guess {
        my $filename = shift;
        my $mime;
        $filename =~ /\./ or return undef;

        if ($mimetypes_file) {
                my $file = $mimetypes_file;
                if ($file !~ m!^/!) { # if it is relative path
                        # it is relative to project
                        $file = "$projectroot/$project/$file";
                }
                $mime = mimetype_guess_file($filename, $file);
        }
        $mime ||= mimetype_guess_file($filename, '/etc/mime.types');
        return $mime;
}

sub blob_mimetype {
        my $fd = shift;
        my $filename = shift;

        if ($filename) {
                my $mime = mimetype_guess($filename);
                $mime and return $mime;
        }

        # just in case
        return $default_blob_plain_mimetype unless $fd;

        if (-T $fd) {
                return 'text/plain';
        } elsif (! $filename) {
                return 'application/octet-stream';
        } elsif ($filename =~ m/\.png$/i) {
                return 'image/png';
        } elsif ($filename =~ m/\.gif$/i) {
                return 'image/gif';
        } elsif ($filename =~ m/\.jpe?g$/i) {
                return 'image/jpeg';
        } else {
                return 'application/octet-stream';
        }
}

sub blob_contenttype {
        my ($fd, $file_name, $type) = @_;

        $type ||= blob_mimetype($fd, $file_name);
        if ($type eq 'text/plain' && defined $default_text_plain_charset) {
                $type .= "; charset=$default_text_plain_charset";
        }

        return $type;
}

## ======================================================================
## functions printing HTML: header, footer, error page

sub git_header_html {
        my $status = shift || "200 OK";
        my $expires = shift;

        my $title = "$site_name";
        if (defined $project) {
                $title .= " - " . to_utf8($project);
                if (defined $action) {
                        $title .= "/$action";
                        if (defined $file_name) {
                                $title .= " - " . esc_path($file_name);
                                if ($action eq "tree" && $file_name !~ m|/$|) {
                                        $title .= "/";
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
        my $content_type;
        # require explicit support from the UA if we are to send the page as
        # 'application/xhtml+xml', otherwise send it as plain old 'text/html'.
        # we have to do this because MSIE sometimes globs '*/*', pretending to
        # support xhtml+xml but choking when it gets what it asked for.
        if (defined $cgi->http('HTTP_ACCEPT') &&
            $cgi->http('HTTP_ACCEPT') =~ m/(,|;|\s|^)application\/xhtml\+xml(,|;|\s|$)/ &&
            $cgi->Accept('application/xhtml+xml') != 0) {
                $content_type = 'application/xhtml+xml';
        } else {
                $content_type = 'text/html';
        }
        print $cgi->header(-type=>$content_type, -charset => 'utf-8',
                           -status=> $status, -expires => $expires);
        my $mod_perl_version = $ENV{'MOD_PERL'} ? " $ENV{'MOD_PERL'}" : '';
        print <<EOF;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US" lang="en-US">
<!-- git web interface version $version, (C) 2005-2006, Kay Sievers <kay.sievers\@vrfy.org>, Christian Gierke -->
<!-- git core binaries version $git_version -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="$content_type; charset=utf-8"/>
<meta name="generator" content="gitweb/$version git/$git_version$mod_perl_version"/>
<meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow"/>
<title>$title</title>
EOF
        # the stylesheet, favicon etc urls won't work correctly with path_info
        # unless we set the appropriate base URL
        if ($ENV{'PATH_INFO'}) {
                print "<base href=\"".esc_url($base_url)."\" />\n";
        }
        # print out each stylesheet that exist, providing backwards capability
        # for those people who defined $stylesheet in a config file
        if (defined $stylesheet) {
                print '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'.$stylesheet.'"/>'."\n";
        } else {
                foreach my $stylesheet (@stylesheets) {
                        next unless $stylesheet;
                        print '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'.$stylesheet.'"/>'."\n";
                }
        }
        if (defined $project) {
                my %href_params = get_feed_info();
                if (!exists $href_params{'-title'}) {
                        $href_params{'-title'} = 'log';
                }

                foreach my $format qw(RSS Atom) {
                        my $type = lc($format);
                        my %link_attr = (
                                '-rel' => 'alternate',
                                '-title' => "$project - $href_params{'-title'} - $format feed",
                                '-type' => "application/$type+xml"
                        );

                        $href_params{'action'} = $type;
                        $link_attr{'-href'} = href(%href_params);
                        print "<link ".
                              "rel=\"$link_attr{'-rel'}\" ".
                              "title=\"$link_attr{'-title'}\" ".
                              "href=\"$link_attr{'-href'}\" ".
                              "type=\"$link_attr{'-type'}\" ".
                              "/>\n";

                        $href_params{'extra_options'} = '--no-merges';
                        $link_attr{'-href'} = href(%href_params);
                        $link_attr{'-title'} .= ' (no merges)';
                        print "<link ".
                              "rel=\"$link_attr{'-rel'}\" ".
                              "title=\"$link_attr{'-title'}\" ".
                              "href=\"$link_attr{'-href'}\" ".
                              "type=\"$link_attr{'-type'}\" ".
                              "/>\n";
                }

        } else {
                printf('<link rel="alternate" title="%s projects list" '.
                       'href="%s" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />'."\n",
                       $site_name, href(project=>undef, action=>"project_index"));
                printf('<link rel="alternate" title="%s projects feeds" '.
                       'href="%s" type="text/x-opml" />'."\n",
                       $site_name, href(project=>undef, action=>"opml"));
        }
        if (defined $favicon) {
                print qq(<link rel="shortcut icon" href="$favicon" type="image/png" />\n);
        }

        print "</head>\n" .
              "<body>\n";

        if (-f $site_header) {
                insert_file($site_header);
        }

        print "<div class=\"page_header\">\n" .
              $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($logo_url),
                       -title => $logo_label},
                      qq(<img src="$logo" width="72" height="27" alt="git" class="logo"/>));
        print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($home_link)}, $home_link_str) . " / ";
        if (defined $project) {
                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"summary")}, esc_html($project));
                if (defined $action) {
                        print " / $action";
                }
                print "\n";
        }
        print "</div>\n";

        my $have_search = gitweb_check_feature('search');
        if (defined $project && $have_search) {
                if (!defined $searchtext) {
                        $searchtext = "";
                }
                my $search_hash;
                if (defined $hash_base) {
                        $search_hash = $hash_base;
                } elsif (defined $hash) {
                        $search_hash = $hash;
                } else {
                        $search_hash = "HEAD";
                }
                my $action = $my_uri;
                my $use_pathinfo = gitweb_check_feature('pathinfo');
                if ($use_pathinfo) {
                        $action .= "/".esc_url($project);
                }
                print $cgi->startform(-method => "get", -action => $action) .
                      "<div class=\"search\">\n" .
                      (!$use_pathinfo &&
                      $cgi->input({-name=>"p", -value=>$project, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n") .
                      $cgi->input({-name=>"a", -value=>"search", -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n" .
                      $cgi->input({-name=>"h", -value=>$search_hash, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n" .
                      $cgi->popup_menu(-name => 'st', -default => 'commit',
                                       -values => ['commit', 'grep', 'author', 'committer', 'pickaxe']) .
                      $cgi->sup($cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help")}, "?")) .
                      " search:\n",
                      $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext) . "\n" .
                      "<span title=\"Extended regular expression\">" .
                      $cgi->checkbox(-name => 'sr', -value => 1, -label => 're',
                                     -checked => $search_use_regexp) .
                      "</span>" .
                      "</div>" .
                      $cgi->end_form() . "\n";
        }
}

sub git_footer_html {
        my $feed_class = 'rss_logo';

        print "<div class=\"page_footer\">\n";
        if (defined $project) {
                my $descr = git_get_project_description($project);
                if (defined $descr) {
                        print "<div class=\"page_footer_text\">" . esc_html($descr) . "</div>\n";
                }

                my %href_params = get_feed_info();
                if (!%href_params) {
                        $feed_class .= ' generic';
                }
                $href_params{'-title'} ||= 'log';

                foreach my $format qw(RSS Atom) {
                        $href_params{'action'} = lc($format);
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(%href_params),
                                      -title => "$href_params{'-title'} $format feed",
                                      -class => $feed_class}, $format)."\n";
                }

        } else {
                print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>undef, action=>"opml"),
                              -class => $feed_class}, "OPML") . " ";
                print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>undef, action=>"project_index"),
                              -class => $feed_class}, "TXT") . "\n";
        }
        print "</div>\n"; # class="page_footer"

        if (defined $t0 && gitweb_check_feature('timed')) {
                print "<div id=\"generating_info\">\n";
                print 'This page took '.
                      '<span id="generating_time" class="time_span">'.
                      Time::HiRes::tv_interval($t0, [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()]).
                      ' seconds </span>'.
                      ' and '.
                      '<span id="generating_cmd">'.
                      $number_of_git_cmds.
                      '</span> git commands '.
                      " to generate.\n";
                print "</div>\n"; # class="page_footer"
        }

        if (-f $site_footer) {
                insert_file($site_footer);
        }

        print "</body>\n" .
              "</html>";
}

# die_error(<http_status_code>, <error_message>)
# Example: die_error(404, 'Hash not found')
# By convention, use the following status codes (as defined in RFC 2616):
# 400: Invalid or missing CGI parameters, or
#      requested object exists but has wrong type.
# 403: Requested feature (like "pickaxe" or "snapshot") not enabled on
#      this server or project.
# 404: Requested object/revision/project doesn't exist.
# 500: The server isn't configured properly, or
#      an internal error occurred (e.g. failed assertions caused by bugs), or
#      an unknown error occurred (e.g. the git binary died unexpectedly).
sub die_error {
        my $status = shift || 500;
        my $error = shift || "Internal server error";

        my %http_responses = (400 => '400 Bad Request',
                              403 => '403 Forbidden',
                              404 => '404 Not Found',
                              500 => '500 Internal Server Error');
        git_header_html($http_responses{$status});
        print <<EOF;
<div class="page_body">
<br /><br />
$status - $error
<br />
</div>
EOF
        git_footer_html();
        exit;
}

## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
## functions printing or outputting HTML: navigation

sub git_print_page_nav {
        my ($current, $suppress, $head, $treehead, $treebase, $extra) = @_;
        $extra = '' if !defined $extra; # pager or formats

        my @navs = qw(summary shortlog log commit commitdiff tree);
        if ($suppress) {
                @navs = grep { $_ ne $suppress } @navs;
        }

        my %arg = map { $_ => {action=>$_} } @navs;
        if (defined $head) {
                for (qw(commit commitdiff)) {
                        $arg{$_}{'hash'} = $head;
                }
                if ($current =~ m/^(tree | log | shortlog | commit | commitdiff | search)$/x) {
                        for (qw(shortlog log)) {
                                $arg{$_}{'hash'} = $head;
                        }
                }
        }

        $arg{'tree'}{'hash'} = $treehead if defined $treehead;
        $arg{'tree'}{'hash_base'} = $treebase if defined $treebase;

        my @actions = gitweb_get_feature('actions');
        my %repl = (
                '%' => '%',
                'n' => $project,         # project name
                'f' => $git_dir,         # project path within filesystem
                'h' => $treehead || '',  # current hash ('h' parameter)
                'b' => $treebase || '',  # hash base ('hb' parameter)
        );
        while (@actions) {
                my ($label, $link, $pos) = splice(@actions,0,3);
                # insert
                @navs = map { $_ eq $pos ? ($_, $label) : $_ } @navs;
                # munch munch
                $link =~ s/%([%nfhb])/$repl{$1}/g;
                $arg{$label}{'_href'} = $link;
        }

        print "<div class=\"page_nav\">\n" .
                (join " | ",
                 map { $_ eq $current ?
                       $_ : $cgi->a({-href => ($arg{$_}{_href} ? $arg{$_}{_href} : href(%{$arg{$_}}))}, "$_")
                 } @navs);
        print "<br/>\n$extra<br/>\n" .
              "</div>\n";
}

sub format_paging_nav {
        my ($action, $hash, $head, $page, $has_next_link) = @_;
        my $paging_nav;


        if ($hash ne $head || $page) {
                $paging_nav .= $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$action)}, "HEAD");
        } else {
                $paging_nav .= "HEAD";
        }

        if ($page > 0) {
                $paging_nav .= " &sdot; " .
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page-1),
                                 -accesskey => "p", -title => "Alt-p"}, "prev");
        } else {
                $paging_nav .= " &sdot; prev";
        }

        if ($has_next_link) {
                $paging_nav .= " &sdot; " .
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page+1),
                                 -accesskey => "n", -title => "Alt-n"}, "next");
        } else {
                $paging_nav .= " &sdot; next";
        }

        return $paging_nav;
}

## ......................................................................
## functions printing or outputting HTML: div

sub git_print_header_div {
        my ($action, $title, $hash, $hash_base) = @_;
        my %args = ();

        $args{'action'} = $action;
        $args{'hash'} = $hash if $hash;
        $args{'hash_base'} = $hash_base if $hash_base;

        print "<div class=\"header\">\n" .
              $cgi->a({-href => href(%args), -class => "title"},
              $title ? $title : $action) .
              "\n</div>\n";
}

sub print_local_time {
        my %date = @_;
        if ($date{'hour_local'} < 6) {
                printf(" (<span class=\"atnight\">%02d:%02d</span> %s)",
                        $date{'hour_local'}, $date{'minute_local'}, $date{'tz_local'});
        } else {
                printf(" (%02d:%02d %s)",
                        $date{'hour_local'}, $date{'minute_local'}, $date{'tz_local'});
        }
}

# Outputs the author name and date in long form
sub git_print_authorship {
        my $co = shift;
        my %opts = @_;
        my $tag = $opts{-tag} || 'div';

        my %ad = parse_date($co->{'author_epoch'}, $co->{'author_tz'});
        print "<$tag class=\"author_date\">" .
              esc_html($co->{'author_name'}) .
              " [$ad{'rfc2822'}";
        print_local_time(%ad) if ($opts{-localtime});
        print "]" . git_get_avatar($co->{'author_email'}, -pad_before => 1)
                  . "</$tag>\n";
}

# Outputs table rows containing the full author or committer information,
# in the format expected for 'commit' view (& similia).
# Parameters are a commit hash reference, followed by the list of people
# to output information for. If the list is empty it defalts to both
# author and committer.
sub git_print_authorship_rows {
        my $co = shift;
        # too bad we can't use @people = @_ || ('author', 'committer')
        my @people = @_;
        @people = ('author', 'committer') unless @people;
        foreach my $who (@people) {
                my %wd = parse_date($co->{"${who}_epoch"}, $co->{"${who}_tz"});
                print "<tr><td>$who</td><td>" . esc_html($co->{$who}) . "</td>" .
                      "<td rowspan=\"2\">" .
                      git_get_avatar($co->{"${who}_email"}, -size => 'double') .
                      "</td></tr>\n" .
                      "<tr>" .
                      "<td></td><td> $wd{'rfc2822'}";
                print_local_time(%wd);
                print "</td>" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
}

sub git_print_page_path {
        my $name = shift;
        my $type = shift;
        my $hb = shift;


        print "<div class=\"page_path\">";
        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash_base=>$hb),
                      -title => 'tree root'}, to_utf8("[$project]"));
        print " / ";
        if (defined $name) {
                my @dirname = split '/', $name;
                my $basename = pop @dirname;
                my $fullname = '';

                foreach my $dir (@dirname) {
                        $fullname .= ($fullname ? '/' : '') . $dir;
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", file_name=>$fullname,
                                                     hash_base=>$hb),
                                      -title => $fullname}, esc_path($dir));
                        print " / ";
                }
                if (defined $type && $type eq 'blob') {
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", file_name=>$file_name,
                                                     hash_base=>$hb),
                                      -title => $name}, esc_path($basename));
                } elsif (defined $type && $type eq 'tree') {
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", file_name=>$file_name,
                                                     hash_base=>$hb),
                                      -title => $name}, esc_path($basename));
                        print " / ";
                } else {
                        print esc_path($basename);
                }
        }
        print "<br/></div>\n";
}

sub git_print_log {
        my $log = shift;
        my %opts = @_;

        if ($opts{'-remove_title'}) {
                # remove title, i.e. first line of log
                shift @$log;
        }
        # remove leading empty lines
        while (defined $log->[0] && $log->[0] eq "") {
                shift @$log;
        }

        # print log
        my $signoff = 0;
        my $empty = 0;
        foreach my $line (@$log) {
                if ($line =~ m/^ *(signed[ \-]off[ \-]by[ :]|acked[ \-]by[ :]|cc[ :])/i) {
                        $signoff = 1;
                        $empty = 0;
                        if (! $opts{'-remove_signoff'}) {
                                print "<span class=\"signoff\">" . esc_html($line) . "</span><br/>\n";
                                next;
                        } else {
                                # remove signoff lines
                                next;
                        }
                } else {
                        $signoff = 0;
                }

                # print only one empty line
                # do not print empty line after signoff
                if ($line eq "") {
                        next if ($empty || $signoff);
                        $empty = 1;
                } else {
                        $empty = 0;
                }

                print format_log_line_html($line) . "<br/>\n";
        }

        if ($opts{'-final_empty_line'}) {
                # end with single empty line
                print "<br/>\n" unless $empty;
        }
}

# return link target (what link points to)
sub git_get_link_target {
        my $hash = shift;
        my $link_target;

        # read link
        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", "blob", $hash
                or return;
        {
                local $/ = undef;
                $link_target = <$fd>;
        }
        close $fd
                or return;

        return $link_target;
}

# given link target, and the directory (basedir) the link is in,
# return target of link relative to top directory (top tree);
# return undef if it is not possible (including absolute links).
sub normalize_link_target {
        my ($link_target, $basedir) = @_;

        # absolute symlinks (beginning with '/') cannot be normalized
        return if (substr($link_target, 0, 1) eq '/');

        # normalize link target to path from top (root) tree (dir)
        my $path;
        if ($basedir) {
                $path = $basedir . '/' . $link_target;
        } else {
                # we are in top (root) tree (dir)
                $path = $link_target;
        }

        # remove //, /./, and /../
        my @path_parts;
        foreach my $part (split('/', $path)) {
                # discard '.' and ''
                next if (!$part || $part eq '.');
                # handle '..'
                if ($part eq '..') {
                        if (@path_parts) {
                                pop @path_parts;
                        } else {
                                # link leads outside repository (outside top dir)
                                return;
                        }
                } else {
                        push @path_parts, $part;
                }
        }
        $path = join('/', @path_parts);

        return $path;
}

# print tree entry (row of git_tree), but without encompassing <tr> element
sub git_print_tree_entry {
        my ($t, $basedir, $hash_base, $have_blame) = @_;

        my %base_key = ();
        $base_key{'hash_base'} = $hash_base if defined $hash_base;

        # The format of a table row is: mode list link.  Where mode is
        # the mode of the entry, list is the name of the entry, an href,
        # and link is the action links of the entry.

        print "<td class=\"mode\">" . mode_str($t->{'mode'}) . "</td>\n";
        if ($t->{'type'} eq "blob") {
                print "<td class=\"list\">" .
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
                                               file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}", %base_key),
                                -class => "list"}, esc_path($t->{'name'}));
                if (S_ISLNK(oct $t->{'mode'})) {
                        my $link_target = git_get_link_target($t->{'hash'});
                        if ($link_target) {
                                my $norm_target = normalize_link_target($link_target, $basedir);
                                if (defined $norm_target) {
                                        print " -> " .
                                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"object", hash_base=>$hash_base,
                                                                     file_name=>$norm_target),
                                                       -title => $norm_target}, esc_path($link_target));
                                } else {
                                        print " -> " . esc_path($link_target);
                                }
                        }
                }
                print "</td>\n";
                print "<td class=\"link\">";
                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
                                             file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}", %base_key)},
                              "blob");
                if ($have_blame) {
                        print " | " .
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
                                                     file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}", %base_key)},
                                      "blame");
                }
                if (defined $hash_base) {
                        print " | " .
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$hash_base,
                                                     hash=>$t->{'hash'}, file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}")},
                                      "history");
                }
                print " | " .
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", hash_base=>$hash_base,
                                               file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}")},
                                "raw");
                print "</td>\n";

        } elsif ($t->{'type'} eq "tree") {
                print "<td class=\"list\">";
                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
                                             file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}", %base_key)},
                              esc_path($t->{'name'}));
                print "</td>\n";
                print "<td class=\"link\">";
                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
                                             file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}", %base_key)},
                              "tree");
                if (defined $hash_base) {
                        print " | " .
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$hash_base,
                                                     file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}")},
                                      "history");
                }
                print "</td>\n";
        } else {
                # unknown object: we can only present history for it
                # (this includes 'commit' object, i.e. submodule support)
                print "<td class=\"list\">" .
                      esc_path($t->{'name'}) .
                      "</td>\n";
                print "<td class=\"link\">";
                if (defined $hash_base) {
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history",
                                                     hash_base=>$hash_base,
                                                     file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}")},
                                      "history");
                }
                print "</td>\n";
        }
}

## ......................................................................
## functions printing large fragments of HTML

# get pre-image filenames for merge (combined) diff
sub fill_from_file_info {
        my ($diff, @parents) = @_;

        $diff->{'from_file'} = [ ];
        $diff->{'from_file'}[$diff->{'nparents'} - 1] = undef;
        for (my $i = 0; $i < $diff->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
                if ($diff->{'status'}[$i] eq 'R' ||
                    $diff->{'status'}[$i] eq 'C') {
                        $diff->{'from_file'}[$i] =
                                git_get_path_by_hash($parents[$i], $diff->{'from_id'}[$i]);
                }
        }

        return $diff;
}

# is current raw difftree line of file deletion
sub is_deleted {
        my $diffinfo = shift;

        return $diffinfo->{'to_id'} eq ('0' x 40);
}

# does patch correspond to [previous] difftree raw line
# $diffinfo  - hashref of parsed raw diff format
# $patchinfo - hashref of parsed patch diff format
#              (the same keys as in $diffinfo)
sub is_patch_split {
        my ($diffinfo, $patchinfo) = @_;

        return defined $diffinfo && defined $patchinfo
                && $diffinfo->{'to_file'} eq $patchinfo->{'to_file'};
}


sub git_difftree_body {
        my ($difftree, $hash, @parents) = @_;
        my ($parent) = $parents[0];
        my $have_blame = gitweb_check_feature('blame');
        print "<div class=\"list_head\">\n";
        if ($#{$difftree} > 10) {
                print(($#{$difftree} + 1) . " files changed:\n");
        }
        print "</div>\n";

        print "<table class=\"" .
              (@parents > 1 ? "combined " : "") .
              "diff_tree\">\n";

        # header only for combined diff in 'commitdiff' view
        my $has_header = @$difftree && @parents > 1 && $action eq 'commitdiff';
        if ($has_header) {
                # table header
                print "<thead><tr>\n" .
                       "<th></th><th></th>\n"; # filename, patchN link
                for (my $i = 0; $i < @parents; $i++) {
                        my $par = $parents[$i];
                        print "<th>" .
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
                                                     hash=>$hash, hash_parent=>$par),
                                       -title => 'commitdiff to parent number ' .
                                                  ($i+1) . ': ' . substr($par,0,7)},
                                      $i+1) .
                              "&nbsp;</th>\n";
                }
                print "</tr></thead>\n<tbody>\n";
        }

        my $alternate = 1;
        my $patchno = 0;
        foreach my $line (@{$difftree}) {
                my $diff = parsed_difftree_line($line);

                if ($alternate) {
                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                } else {
                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                }
                $alternate ^= 1;

                if (exists $diff->{'nparents'}) { # combined diff

                        fill_from_file_info($diff, @parents)
                                unless exists $diff->{'from_file'};

                        if (!is_deleted($diff)) {
                                # file exists in the result (child) commit
                                print "<td>" .
                                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
                                                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'},
                                                             hash_base=>$hash),
                                              -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'to_file'})) .
                                      "</td>\n";
                        } else {
                                print "<td>" .
                                      esc_path($diff->{'to_file'}) .
                                      "</td>\n";
                        }

                        if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
                                # link to patch
                                $patchno++;
                                print "<td class=\"link\">" .
                                      $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch") .
                                      " | " .
                                      "</td>\n";
                        }

                        my $has_history = 0;
                        my $not_deleted = 0;
                        for (my $i = 0; $i < $diff->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
                                my $hash_parent = $parents[$i];
                                my $from_hash = $diff->{'from_id'}[$i];
                                my $from_path = $diff->{'from_file'}[$i];
                                my $status = $diff->{'status'}[$i];

                                $has_history ||= ($status ne 'A');
                                $not_deleted ||= ($status ne 'D');

                                if ($status eq 'A') {
                                        print "<td  class=\"link\" align=\"right\"> | </td>\n";
                                } elsif ($status eq 'D') {
                                        print "<td class=\"link\">" .
                                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob",
                                                                     hash_base=>$hash,
                                                                     hash=>$from_hash,
                                                                     file_name=>$from_path)},
                                                      "blob" . ($i+1)) .
                                              " | </td>\n";
                                } else {
                                        if ($diff->{'to_id'} eq $from_hash) {
                                                print "<td class=\"link nochange\">";
                                        } else {
                                                print "<td class=\"link\">";
                                        }
                                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
                                                                     hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
                                                                     hash_parent=>$from_hash,
                                                                     hash_base=>$hash,
                                                                     hash_parent_base=>$hash_parent,
                                                                     file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'},
                                                                     file_parent=>$from_path)},
                                                      "diff" . ($i+1)) .
                                              " | </td>\n";
                                }
                        }

                        print "<td class=\"link\">";
                        if ($not_deleted) {
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob",
                                                             hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
                                                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'},
                                                             hash_base=>$hash)},
                                              "blob");
                                print " | " if ($has_history);
                        }
                        if ($has_history) {
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history",
                                                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'},
                                                             hash_base=>$hash)},
                                              "history");
                        }
                        print "</td>\n";

                        print "</tr>\n";
                        next; # instead of 'else' clause, to avoid extra indent
                }
                # else ordinary diff

                my ($to_mode_oct, $to_mode_str, $to_file_type);
                my ($from_mode_oct, $from_mode_str, $from_file_type);
                if ($diff->{'to_mode'} ne ('0' x 6)) {
                        $to_mode_oct = oct $diff->{'to_mode'};
                        if (S_ISREG($to_mode_oct)) { # only for regular file
                                $to_mode_str = sprintf("%04o", $to_mode_oct & 0777); # permission bits
                        }
                        $to_file_type = file_type($diff->{'to_mode'});
                }
                if ($diff->{'from_mode'} ne ('0' x 6)) {
                        $from_mode_oct = oct $diff->{'from_mode'};
                        if (S_ISREG($to_mode_oct)) { # only for regular file
                                $from_mode_str = sprintf("%04o", $from_mode_oct & 0777); # permission bits
                        }
                        $from_file_type = file_type($diff->{'from_mode'});
                }

                if ($diff->{'status'} eq "A") { # created
                        my $mode_chng = "<span class=\"file_status new\">[new $to_file_type";
                        $mode_chng   .= " with mode: $to_mode_str" if $to_mode_str;
                        $mode_chng   .= "]</span>";
                        print "<td>";
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
                                                     hash_base=>$hash, file_name=>$diff->{'file'}),
                                      -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'file'}));
                        print "</td>\n";
                        print "<td>$mode_chng</td>\n";
                        print "<td class=\"link\">";
                        if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
                                # link to patch
                                $patchno++;
                                print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch");
                                print " | ";
                        }
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
                                                     hash_base=>$hash, file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
                                      "blob");
                        print "</td>\n";

                } elsif ($diff->{'status'} eq "D") { # deleted
                        my $mode_chng = "<span class=\"file_status deleted\">[deleted $from_file_type]</span>";
                        print "<td>";
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'from_id'},
                                                     hash_base=>$parent, file_name=>$diff->{'file'}),
                                       -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'file'}));
                        print "</td>\n";
                        print "<td>$mode_chng</td>\n";
                        print "<td class=\"link\">";
                        if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
                                # link to patch
                                $patchno++;
                                print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch");
                                print " | ";
                        }
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'from_id'},
                                                     hash_base=>$parent, file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
                                      "blob") . " | ";
                        if ($have_blame) {
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", hash_base=>$parent,
                                                             file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
                                              "blame") . " | ";
                        }
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$parent,
                                                     file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
                                      "history");
                        print "</td>\n";

                } elsif ($diff->{'status'} eq "M" || $diff->{'status'} eq "T") { # modified, or type changed
                        my $mode_chnge = "";
                        if ($diff->{'from_mode'} != $diff->{'to_mode'}) {
                                $mode_chnge = "<span class=\"file_status mode_chnge\">[changed";
                                if ($from_file_type ne $to_file_type) {
                                        $mode_chnge .= " from $from_file_type to $to_file_type";
                                }
                                if (($from_mode_oct & 0777) != ($to_mode_oct & 0777)) {
                                        if ($from_mode_str && $to_mode_str) {
                                                $mode_chnge .= " mode: $from_mode_str->$to_mode_str";
                                        } elsif ($to_mode_str) {
                                                $mode_chnge .= " mode: $to_mode_str";
                                        }
                                }
                                $mode_chnge .= "]</span>\n";
                        }
                        print "<td>";
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
                                                     hash_base=>$hash, file_name=>$diff->{'file'}),
                                      -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'file'}));
                        print "</td>\n";
                        print "<td>$mode_chnge</td>\n";
                        print "<td class=\"link\">";
                        if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
                                # link to patch
                                $patchno++;
                                print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch") .
                                      " | ";
                        } elsif ($diff->{'to_id'} ne $diff->{'from_id'}) {
                                # "commit" view and modified file (not onlu mode changed)
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
                                                             hash=>$diff->{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$diff->{'from_id'},
                                                             hash_base=>$hash, hash_parent_base=>$parent,
                                                             file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
                                              "diff") .
                                      " | ";
                        }
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
                                                     hash_base=>$hash, file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
                                       "blob") . " | ";
                        if ($have_blame) {
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", hash_base=>$hash,
                                                             file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
                                              "blame") . " | ";
                        }
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$hash,
                                                     file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
                                      "history");
                        print "</td>\n";

                } elsif ($diff->{'status'} eq "R" || $diff->{'status'} eq "C") { # renamed or copied
                        my %status_name = ('R' => 'moved', 'C' => 'copied');
                        my $nstatus = $status_name{$diff->{'status'}};
                        my $mode_chng = "";
                        if ($diff->{'from_mode'} != $diff->{'to_mode'}) {
                                # mode also for directories, so we cannot use $to_mode_str
                                $mode_chng = sprintf(", mode: %04o", $to_mode_oct & 0777);
                        }
                        print "<td>" .
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$hash,
                                                     hash=>$diff->{'to_id'}, file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'}),
                                      -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'to_file'})) . "</td>\n" .
                              "<td><span class=\"file_status $nstatus\">[$nstatus from " .
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$parent,
                                                     hash=>$diff->{'from_id'}, file_name=>$diff->{'from_file'}),
                                      -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'from_file'})) .
                              " with " . (int $diff->{'similarity'}) . "% similarity$mode_chng]</span></td>\n" .
                              "<td class=\"link\">";
                        if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
                                # link to patch
                                $patchno++;
                                print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch") .
                                      " | ";
                        } elsif ($diff->{'to_id'} ne $diff->{'from_id'}) {
                                # "commit" view and modified file (not only pure rename or copy)
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
                                                             hash=>$diff->{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$diff->{'from_id'},
                                                             hash_base=>$hash, hash_parent_base=>$parent,
                                                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'}, file_parent=>$diff->{'from_file'})},
                                              "diff") .
                                      " | ";
                        }
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
                                                     hash_base=>$parent, file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'})},
                                      "blob") . " | ";
                        if ($have_blame) {
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", hash_base=>$hash,
                                                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'})},
                                              "blame") . " | ";
                        }
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$hash,
                                                    file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'})},
                                      "history");
                        print "</td>\n";

                } # we should not encounter Unmerged (U) or Unknown (X) status
                print "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</tbody>" if $has_header;
        print "</table>\n";
}

sub git_patchset_body {
        my ($fd, $difftree, $hash, @hash_parents) = @_;
        my ($hash_parent) = $hash_parents[0];

        my $is_combined = (@hash_parents > 1);
        my $patch_idx = 0;
        my $patch_number = 0;
        my $patch_line;
        my $diffinfo;
        my $to_name;
        my (%from, %to);

        print "<div class=\"patchset\">\n";

        # skip to first patch
        while ($patch_line = <$fd>) {
                chomp $patch_line;

                last if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff /);
        }

 PATCH:
        while ($patch_line) {

                # parse "git diff" header line
                if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff --git (\"(?:[^\\\"]*(?:\\.[^\\\"]*)*)\"|[^ "]*) (.*)$/) {
                        # $1 is from_name, which we do not use
                        $to_name = unquote($2);
                        $to_name =~ s!^b/!!;
                } elsif ($patch_line =~ m/^diff --(cc|combined) ("?.*"?)$/) {
                        # $1 is 'cc' or 'combined', which we do not use
                        $to_name = unquote($2);
                } else {
                        $to_name = undef;
                }

                # check if current patch belong to current raw line
                # and parse raw git-diff line if needed
                if (is_patch_split($diffinfo, { 'to_file' => $to_name })) {
                        # this is continuation of a split patch
                        print "<div class=\"patch cont\">\n";
                } else {
                        # advance raw git-diff output if needed
                        $patch_idx++ if defined $diffinfo;

                        # read and prepare patch information
                        $diffinfo = parsed_difftree_line($difftree->[$patch_idx]);

                        # compact combined diff output can have some patches skipped
                        # find which patch (using pathname of result) we are at now;
                        if ($is_combined) {
                                while ($to_name ne $diffinfo->{'to_file'}) {
                                        print "<div class=\"patch\" id=\"patch". ($patch_idx+1) ."\">\n" .
                                              format_diff_cc_simplified($diffinfo, @hash_parents) .
                                              "</div>\n";  # class="patch"

                                        $patch_idx++;
                                        $patch_number++;

                                        last if $patch_idx > $#$difftree;
                                        $diffinfo = parsed_difftree_line($difftree->[$patch_idx]);
                                }
                        }

                        # modifies %from, %to hashes
                        parse_from_to_diffinfo($diffinfo, \%from, \%to, @hash_parents);

                        # this is first patch for raw difftree line with $patch_idx index
                        # we index @$difftree array from 0, but number patches from 1
                        print "<div class=\"patch\" id=\"patch". ($patch_idx+1) ."\">\n";
                }

                # git diff header
                #assert($patch_line =~ m/^diff /) if DEBUG;
                #assert($patch_line !~ m!$/$!) if DEBUG; # is chomp-ed
                $patch_number++;
                # print "git diff" header
                print format_git_diff_header_line($patch_line, $diffinfo,
                                                  \%from, \%to);

                # print extended diff header
                print "<div class=\"diff extended_header\">\n";
        EXTENDED_HEADER:
                while ($patch_line = <$fd>) {
                        chomp $patch_line;

                        last EXTENDED_HEADER if ($patch_line =~ m/^--- |^diff /);

                        print format_extended_diff_header_line($patch_line, $diffinfo,
                                                               \%from, \%to);
                }
                print "</div>\n"; # class="diff extended_header"

                # from-file/to-file diff header
                if (! $patch_line) {
                        print "</div>\n"; # class="patch"
                        last PATCH;
                }
                next PATCH if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff /);
                #assert($patch_line =~ m/^---/) if DEBUG;

                my $last_patch_line = $patch_line;
                $patch_line = <$fd>;
                chomp $patch_line;
                #assert($patch_line =~ m/^\+\+\+/) if DEBUG;

                print format_diff_from_to_header($last_patch_line, $patch_line,
                                                 $diffinfo, \%from, \%to,
                                                 @hash_parents);

                # the patch itself
        LINE:
                while ($patch_line = <$fd>) {
                        chomp $patch_line;

                        next PATCH if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff /);

                        print format_diff_line($patch_line, \%from, \%to);
                }

        } continue {
                print "</div>\n"; # class="patch"
        }

        # for compact combined (--cc) format, with chunk and patch simpliciaction
        # patchset might be empty, but there might be unprocessed raw lines
        for (++$patch_idx if $patch_number > 0;
             $patch_idx < @$difftree;
             ++$patch_idx) {
                # read and prepare patch information
                $diffinfo = parsed_difftree_line($difftree->[$patch_idx]);

                # generate anchor for "patch" links in difftree / whatchanged part
                print "<div class=\"patch\" id=\"patch". ($patch_idx+1) ."\">\n" .
                      format_diff_cc_simplified($diffinfo, @hash_parents) .
                      "</div>\n";  # class="patch"

                $patch_number++;
        }

        if ($patch_number == 0) {
                if (@hash_parents > 1) {
                        print "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">Trivial merge</div>\n";
                } else {
                        print "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">No differences found</div>\n";
                }
        }

        print "</div>\n"; # class="patchset"
}

# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

# fills project list info (age, description, owner, forks) for each
# project in the list, removing invalid projects from returned list
# NOTE: modifies $projlist, but does not remove entries from it
sub fill_project_list_info {
        my ($projlist, $check_forks) = @_;
        my @projects;

        my $show_ctags = gitweb_check_feature('ctags');
 PROJECT:
        foreach my $pr (@$projlist) {
                my (@activity) = git_get_last_activity($pr->{'path'});
                unless (@activity) {
                        next PROJECT;
                }
                ($pr->{'age'}, $pr->{'age_string'}) = @activity;
                if (!defined $pr->{'descr'}) {
                        my $descr = git_get_project_description($pr->{'path'}) || "";
                        $descr = to_utf8($descr);
                        $pr->{'descr_long'} = $descr;
                        $pr->{'descr'} = chop_str($descr, $projects_list_description_width, 5);
                }
                if (!defined $pr->{'owner'}) {
                        $pr->{'owner'} = git_get_project_owner("$pr->{'path'}") || "";
                }
                if ($check_forks) {
                        my $pname = $pr->{'path'};
                        if (($pname =~ s/\.git$//) &&
                            ($pname !~ /\/$/) &&
                            (-d "$projectroot/$pname")) {
                                $pr->{'forks'} = "-d $projectroot/$pname";
                        } else {
                                $pr->{'forks'} = 0;
                        }
                }
                $show_ctags and $pr->{'ctags'} = git_get_project_ctags($pr->{'path'});
                push @projects, $pr;
        }

        return @projects;
}

# print 'sort by' <th> element, generating 'sort by $name' replay link
# if that order is not selected
sub print_sort_th {
        my ($name, $order, $header) = @_;
        $header ||= ucfirst($name);

        if ($order eq $name) {
                print "<th>$header</th>\n";
        } else {
                print "<th>" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, order=>$name),
                               -class => "header"}, $header) .
                      "</th>\n";
        }
}

sub git_project_list_body {
        # actually uses global variable $project
        my ($projlist, $order, $from, $to, $extra, $no_header) = @_;

        my $check_forks = gitweb_check_feature('forks');
        my @projects = fill_project_list_info($projlist, $check_forks);

        $order ||= $default_projects_order;
        $from = 0 unless defined $from;
        $to = $#projects if (!defined $to || $#projects < $to);

        my %order_info = (
                project => { key => 'path', type => 'str' },
                descr => { key => 'descr_long', type => 'str' },
                owner => { key => 'owner', type => 'str' },
                age => { key => 'age', type => 'num' }
        );
        my $oi = $order_info{$order};
        if ($oi->{'type'} eq 'str') {
                @projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} cmp $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @projects;
        } else {
                @projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} <=> $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @projects;
        }

        my $show_ctags = gitweb_check_feature('ctags');
        if ($show_ctags) {
                my %ctags;
                foreach my $p (@projects) {
                        foreach my $ct (keys %{$p->{'ctags'}}) {
                                $ctags{$ct} += $p->{'ctags'}->{$ct};
                        }
                }
                my $cloud = git_populate_project_tagcloud(\%ctags);
                print git_show_project_tagcloud($cloud, 64);
        }

        print "<table class=\"project_list\">\n";
        unless ($no_header) {
                print "<tr>\n";
                if ($check_forks) {
                        print "<th></th>\n";
                }
                print_sort_th('project', $order, 'Project');
                print_sort_th('descr', $order, 'Description');
                print_sort_th('owner', $order, 'Owner');
                print_sort_th('age', $order, 'Last Change');
                print "<th></th>\n" . # for links
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        my $alternate = 1;
        my $tagfilter = $cgi->param('by_tag');
        for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
                my $pr = $projects[$i];

                next if $tagfilter and $show_ctags and not grep { lc $_ eq lc $tagfilter } keys %{$pr->{'ctags'}};
                next if $searchtext and not $pr->{'path'} =~ /$searchtext/
                        and not $pr->{'descr_long'} =~ /$searchtext/;
                # Weed out forks or non-matching entries of search
                if ($check_forks) {
                        my $forkbase = $project; $forkbase ||= ''; $forkbase =~ s#\.git$#/#;
                        $forkbase="^$forkbase" if $forkbase;
                        next if not $searchtext and not $tagfilter and $show_ctags
                                and $pr->{'path'} =~ m#$forkbase.*/.*#; # regexp-safe
                }

                if ($alternate) {
                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                } else {
                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                }
                $alternate ^= 1;
                if ($check_forks) {
                        print "<td>";
                        if ($pr->{'forks'}) {
                                print "<!-- $pr->{'forks'} -->\n";
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"forks")}, "+");
                        }
                        print "</td>\n";
                }
                print "<td>" . $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary"),
                                        -class => "list"}, esc_html($pr->{'path'})) . "</td>\n" .
                      "<td>" . $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary"),
                                        -class => "list", -title => $pr->{'descr_long'}},
                                        esc_html($pr->{'descr'})) . "</td>\n" .
                      "<td><i>" . chop_and_escape_str($pr->{'owner'}, 15) . "</i></td>\n";
                print "<td class=\"". age_class($pr->{'age'}) . "\">" .
                      (defined $pr->{'age_string'} ? $pr->{'age_string'} : "No commits") . "</td>\n" .
                      "<td class=\"link\">" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary")}, "summary")   . " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"shortlog")}, "shortlog") . " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"log")}, "log") . " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"tree")}, "tree") .
                      ($pr->{'forks'} ? " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"forks")}, "forks") : '') .
                      "</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        if (defined $extra) {
                print "<tr>\n";
                if ($check_forks) {
                        print "<td></td>\n";
                }
                print "<td colspan=\"5\">$extra</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</table>\n";
}

sub git_shortlog_body {
        # uses global variable $project
        my ($commitlist, $from, $to, $refs, $extra) = @_;

        $from = 0 unless defined $from;
        $to = $#{$commitlist} if (!defined $to || $#{$commitlist} < $to);

        print "<table class=\"shortlog\">\n";
        my $alternate = 1;
        for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
                my %co = %{$commitlist->[$i]};
                my $commit = $co{'id'};
                my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $commit);
                if ($alternate) {
                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                } else {
                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                }
                $alternate ^= 1;
                # git_summary() used print "<td><i>$co{'age_string'}</i></td>\n" .
                print "<td title=\"$co{'age_string_age'}\"><i>$co{'age_string_date'}</i></td>\n" .
                      format_author_html('td', \%co, 10) . "<td>";
                print format_subject_html($co{'title'}, $co{'title_short'},
                                          href(action=>"commit", hash=>$commit), $ref);
                print "</td>\n" .
                      "<td class=\"link\">" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$commit)}, "commit") . " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$commit)}, "commitdiff") . " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$commit, hash_base=>$commit)}, "tree");
                my $snapshot_links = format_snapshot_links($commit);
                if (defined $snapshot_links) {
                        print " | " . $snapshot_links;
                }
                print "</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        if (defined $extra) {
                print "<tr>\n" .
                      "<td colspan=\"4\">$extra</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</table>\n";
}

sub git_history_body {
        # Warning: assumes constant type (blob or tree) during history
        my ($commitlist, $from, $to, $refs, $hash_base, $ftype, $extra) = @_;

        $from = 0 unless defined $from;
        $to = $#{$commitlist} unless (defined $to && $to <= $#{$commitlist});

        print "<table class=\"history\">\n";
        my $alternate = 1;
        for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
                my %co = %{$commitlist->[$i]};
                if (!%co) {
                        next;
                }
                my $commit = $co{'id'};

                my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $commit);

                if ($alternate) {
                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                } else {
                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                }
                $alternate ^= 1;
                print "<td title=\"$co{'age_string_age'}\"><i>$co{'age_string_date'}</i></td>\n" .
        # shortlog:   format_author_html('td', \%co, 10)
                      format_author_html('td', \%co, 15, 3) . "<td>";
                # originally git_history used chop_str($co{'title'}, 50)
                print format_subject_html($co{'title'}, $co{'title_short'},
                                          href(action=>"commit", hash=>$commit), $ref);
                print "</td>\n" .
                      "<td class=\"link\">" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$ftype, hash_base=>$commit, file_name=>$file_name)}, $ftype) . " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$commit)}, "commitdiff");

                if ($ftype eq 'blob') {
                        my $blob_current = git_get_hash_by_path($hash_base, $file_name);
                        my $blob_parent  = git_get_hash_by_path($commit, $file_name);
                        if (defined $blob_current && defined $blob_parent &&
                                        $blob_current ne $blob_parent) {
                                print " | " .
                                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
                                                               hash=>$blob_current, hash_parent=>$blob_parent,
                                                               hash_base=>$hash_base, hash_parent_base=>$commit,
                                                               file_name=>$file_name)},
                                                "diff to current");
                        }
                }
                print "</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        if (defined $extra) {
                print "<tr>\n" .
                      "<td colspan=\"4\">$extra</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</table>\n";
}

sub git_tags_body {
        # uses global variable $project
        my ($taglist, $from, $to, $extra) = @_;
        $from = 0 unless defined $from;
        $to = $#{$taglist} if (!defined $to || $#{$taglist} < $to);

        print "<table class=\"tags\">\n";
        my $alternate = 1;
        for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
                my $entry = $taglist->[$i];
                my %tag = %$entry;
                my $comment = $tag{'subject'};
                my $comment_short;
                if (defined $comment) {
                        $comment_short = chop_str($comment, 30, 5);
                }
                if ($alternate) {
                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                } else {
                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                }
                $alternate ^= 1;
                if (defined $tag{'age'}) {
                        print "<td><i>$tag{'age'}</i></td>\n";
                } else {
                        print "<td></td>\n";
                }
                print "<td>" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$tag{'reftype'}, hash=>$tag{'refid'}),
                               -class => "list name"}, esc_html($tag{'name'})) .
                      "</td>\n" .
                      "<td>";
                if (defined $comment) {
                        print format_subject_html($comment, $comment_short,
                                                  href(action=>"tag", hash=>$tag{'id'}));
                }
                print "</td>\n" .
                      "<td class=\"selflink\">";
                if ($tag{'type'} eq "tag") {
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tag", hash=>$tag{'id'})}, "tag");
                } else {
                        print "&nbsp;";
                }
                print "</td>\n" .
                      "<td class=\"link\">" . " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$tag{'reftype'}, hash=>$tag{'refid'})}, $tag{'reftype'});
                if ($tag{'reftype'} eq "commit") {
                        print " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$tag{'fullname'})}, "shortlog") .
                              " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"log", hash=>$tag{'fullname'})}, "log");
                } elsif ($tag{'reftype'} eq "blob") {
                        print " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", hash=>$tag{'refid'})}, "raw");
                }
                print "</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>";
        }
        if (defined $extra) {
                print "<tr>\n" .
                      "<td colspan=\"5\">$extra</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</table>\n";
}

sub git_heads_body {
        # uses global variable $project
        my ($headlist, $head, $from, $to, $extra) = @_;
        $from = 0 unless defined $from;
        $to = $#{$headlist} if (!defined $to || $#{$headlist} < $to);

        print "<table class=\"heads\">\n";
        my $alternate = 1;
        for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
                my $entry = $headlist->[$i];
                my %ref = %$entry;
                my $curr = $ref{'id'} eq $head;
                if ($alternate) {
                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                } else {
                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                }
                $alternate ^= 1;
                print "<td><i>$ref{'age'}</i></td>\n" .
                      ($curr ? "<td class=\"current_head\">" : "<td>") .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$ref{'fullname'}),
                               -class => "list name"},esc_html($ref{'name'})) .
                      "</td>\n" .
                      "<td class=\"link\">" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$ref{'fullname'})}, "shortlog") . " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"log", hash=>$ref{'fullname'})}, "log") . " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$ref{'fullname'}, hash_base=>$ref{'name'})}, "tree") .
                      "</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>";
        }
        if (defined $extra) {
                print "<tr>\n" .
                      "<td colspan=\"3\">$extra</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</table>\n";
}

sub git_search_grep_body {
        my ($commitlist, $from, $to, $extra) = @_;
        $from = 0 unless defined $from;
        $to = $#{$commitlist} if (!defined $to || $#{$commitlist} < $to);

        print "<table class=\"commit_search\">\n";
        my $alternate = 1;
        for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
                my %co = %{$commitlist->[$i]};
                if (!%co) {
                        next;
                }
                my $commit = $co{'id'};
                if ($alternate) {
                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                } else {
                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                }
                $alternate ^= 1;
                print "<td title=\"$co{'age_string_age'}\"><i>$co{'age_string_date'}</i></td>\n" .
                      format_author_html('td', \%co, 15, 5) .
                      "<td>" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'}),
                               -class => "list subject"},
                              chop_and_escape_str($co{'title'}, 50) . "<br/>");
                my $comment = $co{'comment'};
                foreach my $line (@$comment) {
                        if ($line =~ m/^(.*?)($search_regexp)(.*)$/i) {
                                my ($lead, $match, $trail) = ($1, $2, $3);
                                $match = chop_str($match, 70, 5, 'center');
                                my $contextlen = int((80 - length($match))/2);
                                $contextlen = 30 if ($contextlen > 30);
                                $lead  = chop_str($lead,  $contextlen, 10, 'left');
                                $trail = chop_str($trail, $contextlen, 10, 'right');

                                $lead  = esc_html($lead);
                                $match = esc_html($match);
                                $trail = esc_html($trail);

                                print "$lead<span class=\"match\">$match</span>$trail<br />";
                        }
                }
                print "</td>\n" .
                      "<td class=\"link\">" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'})}, "commit") .
                      " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$co{'id'})}, "commitdiff") .
                      " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$co{'id'})}, "tree");
                print "</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        if (defined $extra) {
                print "<tr>\n" .
                      "<td colspan=\"3\">$extra</td>\n" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</table>\n";
}

## ======================================================================
## ======================================================================
## actions

sub git_project_list {
        my $order = $input_params{'order'};
        if (defined $order && $order !~ m/none|project|descr|owner|age/) {
                die_error(400, "Unknown order parameter");
        }

        my @list = git_get_projects_list();
        if (!@list) {
                die_error(404, "No projects found");
        }

        git_header_html();
        if (-f $home_text) {
                print "<div class=\"index_include\">\n";
                insert_file($home_text);
                print "</div>\n";
        }
        print $cgi->startform(-method => "get") .
              "<p class=\"projsearch\">Search:\n" .
              $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext) . "\n" .
              "</p>" .
              $cgi->end_form() . "\n";
        git_project_list_body(\@list, $order);
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_forks {
        my $order = $input_params{'order'};
        if (defined $order && $order !~ m/none|project|descr|owner|age/) {
                die_error(400, "Unknown order parameter");
        }

        my @list = git_get_projects_list($project);
        if (!@list) {
                die_error(404, "No forks found");
        }

        git_header_html();
        git_print_page_nav('','');
        git_print_header_div('summary', "$project forks");
        git_project_list_body(\@list, $order);
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_project_index {
        my @projects = git_get_projects_list($project);

        print $cgi->header(
                -type => 'text/plain',
                -charset => 'utf-8',
                -content_disposition => 'inline; filename="index.aux"');

        foreach my $pr (@projects) {
                if (!exists $pr->{'owner'}) {
                        $pr->{'owner'} = git_get_project_owner("$pr->{'path'}");
                }

                my ($path, $owner) = ($pr->{'path'}, $pr->{'owner'});
                # quote as in CGI::Util::encode, but keep the slash, and use '+' for ' '
                $path  =~ s/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.\-\/ ])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/eg;
                $owner =~ s/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.\-\/ ])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/eg;
                $path  =~ s/ /\+/g;
                $owner =~ s/ /\+/g;

                print "$path $owner\n";
        }
}

sub git_summary {
        my $descr = git_get_project_description($project) || "none";
        my %co = parse_commit("HEAD");
        my %cd = %co ? parse_date($co{'committer_epoch'}, $co{'committer_tz'}) : ();
        my $head = $co{'id'};

        my $owner = git_get_project_owner($project);

        my $refs = git_get_references();
        # These get_*_list functions return one more to allow us to see if
        # there are more ...
        my @taglist  = git_get_tags_list(16);
        my @headlist = git_get_heads_list(16);
        my @forklist;
        my $check_forks = gitweb_check_feature('forks');

        if ($check_forks) {
                @forklist = git_get_projects_list($project);
        }

        git_header_html();
        git_print_page_nav('summary','', $head);

        print "<div class=\"title\">&nbsp;</div>\n";
        print "<table class=\"projects_list\">\n" .
              "<tr id=\"metadata_desc\"><td>description</td><td>" . esc_html($descr) . "</td></tr>\n" .
              "<tr id=\"metadata_owner\"><td>owner</td><td>" . esc_html($owner) . "</td></tr>\n";
        if (defined $cd{'rfc2822'}) {
                print "<tr id=\"metadata_lchange\"><td>last change</td><td>$cd{'rfc2822'}</td></tr>\n";
        }

        # use per project git URL list in $projectroot/$project/cloneurl
        # or make project git URL from git base URL and project name
        my $url_tag = "URL";
        my @url_list = git_get_project_url_list($project);
        @url_list = map { "$_/$project" } @git_base_url_list unless @url_list;
        foreach my $git_url (@url_list) {
                next unless $git_url;
                print "<tr class=\"metadata_url\"><td>$url_tag</td><td>$git_url</td></tr>\n";
                $url_tag = "";
        }

        # Tag cloud
        my $show_ctags = gitweb_check_feature('ctags');
        if ($show_ctags) {
                my $ctags = git_get_project_ctags($project);
                my $cloud = git_populate_project_tagcloud($ctags);
                print "<tr id=\"metadata_ctags\"><td>Content tags:<br />";
                print "</td>\n<td>" unless %$ctags;
                print "<form action=\"$show_ctags\" method=\"post\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"p\" value=\"$project\" />Add: <input type=\"text\" name=\"t\" size=\"8\" /></form>";
                print "</td>\n<td>" if %$ctags;
                print git_show_project_tagcloud($cloud, 48);
                print "</td></tr>";
        }

        print "</table>\n";

        # If XSS prevention is on, we don't include README.html.
        # TODO: Allow a readme in some safe format.
        if (!$prevent_xss && -s "$projectroot/$project/README.html") {
                print "<div class=\"title\">readme</div>\n" .
                      "<div class=\"readme\">\n";
                insert_file("$projectroot/$project/README.html");
                print "\n</div>\n"; # class="readme"
        }

        # we need to request one more than 16 (0..15) to check if
        # those 16 are all
        my @commitlist = $head ? parse_commits($head, 17) : ();
        if (@commitlist) {
                git_print_header_div('shortlog');
                git_shortlog_body(\@commitlist, 0, 15, $refs,
                                  $#commitlist <=  15 ? undef :
                                  $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog")}, "..."));
        }

        if (@taglist) {
                git_print_header_div('tags');
                git_tags_body(\@taglist, 0, 15,
                              $#taglist <=  15 ? undef :
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tags")}, "..."));
        }

        if (@headlist) {
                git_print_header_div('heads');
                git_heads_body(\@headlist, $head, 0, 15,
                               $#headlist <= 15 ? undef :
                               $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"heads")}, "..."));
        }

        if (@forklist) {
                git_print_header_div('forks');
                git_project_list_body(\@forklist, 'age', 0, 15,
                                      $#forklist <= 15 ? undef :
                                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"forks")}, "..."),
                                      'no_header');
        }

        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_tag {
        my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
        git_header_html();
        git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
        my %tag = parse_tag($hash);

        if (! %tag) {
                die_error(404, "Unknown tag object");
        }

        git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($tag{'name'}), $hash);
        print "<div class=\"title_text\">\n" .
              "<table class=\"object_header\">\n" .
              "<tr>\n" .
              "<td>object</td>\n" .
              "<td>" . $cgi->a({-class => "list", -href => href(action=>$tag{'type'}, hash=>$tag{'object'})},
                               $tag{'object'}) . "</td>\n" .
              "<td class=\"link\">" . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$tag{'type'}, hash=>$tag{'object'})},
                                              $tag{'type'}) . "</td>\n" .
              "</tr>\n";
        if (defined($tag{'author'})) {
                git_print_authorship_rows(\%tag, 'author');
        }
        print "</table>\n\n" .
              "</div>\n";
        print "<div class=\"page_body\">";
        my $comment = $tag{'comment'};
        foreach my $line (@$comment) {
                chomp $line;
                print esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1) . "<br/>\n";
        }
        print "</div>\n";
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_blame {
        # permissions
        gitweb_check_feature('blame')
                or die_error(403, "Blame view not allowed");

        # error checking
        die_error(400, "No file name given") unless $file_name;
        $hash_base ||= git_get_head_hash($project);
        die_error(404, "Couldn't find base commit") unless $hash_base;
        my %co = parse_commit($hash_base)
                or die_error(404, "Commit not found");
        my $ftype = "blob";
        if (!defined $hash) {
                $hash = git_get_hash_by_path($hash_base, $file_name, "blob")
                        or die_error(404, "Error looking up file");
        } else {
                $ftype = git_get_type($hash);
                if ($ftype !~ "blob") {
                        die_error(400, "Object is not a blob");
                }
        }

        # run git-blame --porcelain
        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "blame", '-p',
                $hash_base, '--', $file_name
                or die_error(500, "Open git-blame failed");

        # page header
        git_header_html();
        my $formats_nav =
                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", -replay=>1)},
                        "blob") .
                " | " .
                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", -replay=>1)},
                        "history") .
                " | " .
                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", file_name=>$file_name)},
                        "HEAD");
        git_print_page_nav('','', $hash_base,$co{'tree'},$hash_base, $formats_nav);
        git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash_base);
        git_print_page_path($file_name, $ftype, $hash_base);

        # page body
        my @rev_color = qw(light dark);
        my $num_colors = scalar(@rev_color);
        my $current_color = 0;
        my %metainfo = ();

        print <<HTML;
<div class="page_body">
<table class="blame">
<tr><th>Commit</th><th>Line</th><th>Data</th></tr>
HTML
 LINE:
        while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                chomp $line;
                # the header: <SHA-1> <src lineno> <dst lineno> [<lines in group>]
                # no <lines in group> for subsequent lines in group of lines
                my ($full_rev, $orig_lineno, $lineno, $group_size) =
                   ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) (\d+) (\d+)(?: (\d+))?$/);
                if (!exists $metainfo{$full_rev}) {
                        $metainfo{$full_rev} = { 'nprevious' => 0 };
                }
                my $meta = $metainfo{$full_rev};
                my $data;
                while ($data = <$fd>) {
                        chomp $data;
                        last if ($data =~ s/^\t//); # contents of line
                        if ($data =~ /^(\S+)(?: (.*))?$/) {
                                $meta->{$1} = $2 unless exists $meta->{$1};
                        }
                        if ($data =~ /^previous /) {
                                $meta->{'nprevious'}++;
                        }
                }
                my $short_rev = substr($full_rev, 0, 8);
                my $author = $meta->{'author'};
                my %date =
                        parse_date($meta->{'author-time'}, $meta->{'author-tz'});
                my $date = $date{'iso-tz'};
                if ($group_size) {
                        $current_color = ($current_color + 1) % $num_colors;
                }
                my $tr_class = $rev_color[$current_color];
                $tr_class .= ' boundary' if (exists $meta->{'boundary'});
                $tr_class .= ' no-previous' if ($meta->{'nprevious'} == 0);
                $tr_class .= ' multiple-previous' if ($meta->{'nprevious'} > 1);
                print "<tr id=\"l$lineno\" class=\"$tr_class\">\n";
                if ($group_size) {
                        print "<td class=\"sha1\"";
                        print " title=\"". esc_html($author) . ", $date\"";
                        print " rowspan=\"$group_size\"" if ($group_size > 1);
                        print ">";
                        print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit",
                                                     hash=>$full_rev,
                                                     file_name=>$file_name)},
                                      esc_html($short_rev));
                        if ($group_size >= 2) {
                                my @author_initials = ($author =~ /\b([[:upper:]])\B/g);
                                if (@author_initials) {
                                        print "<br />" .
                                              esc_html(join('', @author_initials));
                                        #           or join('.', ...)
                                }
                        }
                        print "</td>\n";
                }
                # 'previous' <sha1 of parent commit> <filename at commit>
                if (exists $meta->{'previous'} &&
                    $meta->{'previous'} =~ /^([a-fA-F0-9]{40}) (.*)$/) {
                        $meta->{'parent'} = $1;
                        $meta->{'file_parent'} = unquote($2);
                }
                my $linenr_commit =
                        exists($meta->{'parent'}) ?
                        $meta->{'parent'} : $full_rev;
                my $linenr_filename =
                        exists($meta->{'file_parent'}) ?
                        $meta->{'file_parent'} : unquote($meta->{'filename'});
                my $blamed = href(action => 'blame',
                                  file_name => $linenr_filename,
                                  hash_base => $linenr_commit);
                print "<td class=\"linenr\">";
                print $cgi->a({ -href => "$blamed#l$orig_lineno",
                                -class => "linenr" },
                              esc_html($lineno));
                print "</td>";
                print "<td class=\"pre\">" . esc_html($data) . "</td>\n";
                print "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</table>\n";
        print "</div>";
        close $fd
                or print "Reading blob failed\n";

        # page footer
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_tags {
        my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
        git_header_html();
        git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
        git_print_header_div('summary', $project);

        my @tagslist = git_get_tags_list();
        if (@tagslist) {
                git_tags_body(\@tagslist);
        }
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_heads {
        my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
        git_header_html();
        git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
        git_print_header_div('summary', $project);

        my @headslist = git_get_heads_list();
        if (@headslist) {
                git_heads_body(\@headslist, $head);
        }
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_blob_plain {
        my $type = shift;
        my $expires;

        if (!defined $hash) {
                if (defined $file_name) {
                        my $base = $hash_base || git_get_head_hash($project);
                        $hash = git_get_hash_by_path($base, $file_name, "blob")
                                or die_error(404, "Cannot find file");
                } else {
                        die_error(400, "No file name defined");
                }
        } elsif ($hash =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
                # blobs defined by non-textual hash id's can be cached
                $expires = "+1d";
        }

        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", "blob", $hash
                or die_error(500, "Open git-cat-file blob '$hash' failed");

        # content-type (can include charset)
        $type = blob_contenttype($fd, $file_name, $type);

        # "save as" filename, even when no $file_name is given
        my $save_as = "$hash";
        if (defined $file_name) {
                $save_as = $file_name;
        } elsif ($type =~ m/^text\//) {
                $save_as .= '.txt';
        }

        # With XSS prevention on, blobs of all types except a few known safe
        # ones are served with "Content-Disposition: attachment" to make sure
        # they don't run in our security domain.  For certain image types,
        # blob view writes an <img> tag referring to blob_plain view, and we
        # want to be sure not to break that by serving the image as an
        # attachment (though Firefox 3 doesn't seem to care).
        my $sandbox = $prevent_xss &&
                $type !~ m!^(?:text/plain|image/(?:gif|png|jpeg))$!;

        print $cgi->header(
                -type => $type,
                -expires => $expires,
                -content_disposition =>
                        ($sandbox ? 'attachment' : 'inline')
                        . '; filename="' . $save_as . '"');
        local $/ = undef;
        binmode STDOUT, ':raw';
        print <$fd>;
        binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'; # as set at the beginning of gitweb.cgi
        close $fd;
}

sub git_blob {
        my $expires;

        if (!defined $hash) {
                if (defined $file_name) {
                        my $base = $hash_base || git_get_head_hash($project);
                        $hash = git_get_hash_by_path($base, $file_name, "blob")
                                or die_error(404, "Cannot find file");
                } else {
                        die_error(400, "No file name defined");
                }
        } elsif ($hash =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
                # blobs defined by non-textual hash id's can be cached
                $expires = "+1d";
        }

        my $have_blame = gitweb_check_feature('blame');
        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", "blob", $hash
                or die_error(500, "Couldn't cat $file_name, $hash");
        my $mimetype = blob_mimetype($fd, $file_name);
        if ($mimetype !~ m!^(?:text/|image/(?:gif|png|jpeg)$)! && -B $fd) {
                close $fd;
                return git_blob_plain($mimetype);
        }
        # we can have blame only for text/* mimetype
        $have_blame &&= ($mimetype =~ m!^text/!);

        git_header_html(undef, $expires);
        my $formats_nav = '';
        if (defined $hash_base && (my %co = parse_commit($hash_base))) {
                if (defined $file_name) {
                        if ($have_blame) {
                                $formats_nav .=
                                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", -replay=>1)},
                                                "blame") .
                                        " | ";
                        }
                        $formats_nav .=
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", -replay=>1)},
                                        "history") .
                                " | " .
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", -replay=>1)},
                                        "raw") .
                                " | " .
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob",
                                                       hash_base=>"HEAD", file_name=>$file_name)},
                                        "HEAD");
                } else {
                        $formats_nav .=
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", -replay=>1)},
                                        "raw");
                }
                git_print_page_nav('','', $hash_base,$co{'tree'},$hash_base, $formats_nav);
                git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash_base);
        } else {
                print "<div class=\"page_nav\">\n" .
                      "<br/><br/></div>\n" .
                      "<div class=\"title\">$hash</div>\n";
        }
        git_print_page_path($file_name, "blob", $hash_base);
        print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
        if ($mimetype =~ m!^image/!) {
                print qq!<img type="$mimetype"!;
                if ($file_name) {
                        print qq! alt="$file_name" title="$file_name"!;
                }
                print qq! src="! .
                      href(action=>"blob_plain", hash=>$hash,
                           hash_base=>$hash_base, file_name=>$file_name) .
                      qq!" />\n!;
        } else {
                my $nr;
                while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                        chomp $line;
                        $nr++;
                        $line = untabify($line);
                        printf "<div class=\"pre\"><a id=\"l%i\" href=\"#l%i\" class=\"linenr\">%4i</a> %s</div>\n",
                               $nr, $nr, $nr, esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1);
                }
        }
        close $fd
                or print "Reading blob failed.\n";
        print "</div>";
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_tree {
        if (!defined $hash_base) {
                $hash_base = "HEAD";
        }
        if (!defined $hash) {
                if (defined $file_name) {
                        $hash = git_get_hash_by_path($hash_base, $file_name, "tree");
                } else {
                        $hash = $hash_base;
                }
        }
        die_error(404, "No such tree") unless defined($hash);

        my @entries = ();
        {
                local $/ = "\0";
                open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", '-z', $hash
                        or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
                @entries = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
                close $fd
                        or die_error(404, "Reading tree failed");
        }

        my $refs = git_get_references();
        my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $hash_base);
        git_header_html();
        my $basedir = '';
        my $have_blame = gitweb_check_feature('blame');
        if (defined $hash_base && (my %co = parse_commit($hash_base))) {
                my @views_nav = ();
                if (defined $file_name) {
                        push @views_nav,
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", -replay=>1)},
                                        "history"),
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree",
                                                       hash_base=>"HEAD", file_name=>$file_name)},
                                        "HEAD"),
                }
                my $snapshot_links = format_snapshot_links($hash);
                if (defined $snapshot_links) {
                        # FIXME: Should be available when we have no hash base as well.
                        push @views_nav, $snapshot_links;
                }
                git_print_page_nav('tree','', $hash_base, undef, undef, join(' | ', @views_nav));
                git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref, $hash_base);
        } else {
                undef $hash_base;
                print "<div class=\"page_nav\">\n";
                print "<br/><br/></div>\n";
                print "<div class=\"title\">$hash</div>\n";
        }
        if (defined $file_name) {
                $basedir = $file_name;
                if ($basedir ne '' && substr($basedir, -1) ne '/') {
                        $basedir .= '/';
                }
                git_print_page_path($file_name, 'tree', $hash_base);
        }
        print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
        print "<table class=\"tree\">\n";
        my $alternate = 1;
        # '..' (top directory) link if possible
        if (defined $hash_base &&
            defined $file_name && $file_name =~ m![^/]+$!) {
                if ($alternate) {
                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                } else {
                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                }
                $alternate ^= 1;

                my $up = $file_name;
                $up =~ s!/?[^/]+$!!;
                undef $up unless $up;
                # based on git_print_tree_entry
                print '<td class="mode">' . mode_str('040000') . "</td>\n";
                print '<td class="list">';
                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash_base=>$hash_base,
                                             file_name=>$up)},
                              "..");
                print "</td>\n";
                print "<td class=\"link\"></td>\n";

                print "</tr>\n";
        }
        foreach my $line (@entries) {
                my %t = parse_ls_tree_line($line, -z => 1);

                if ($alternate) {
                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                } else {
                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                }
                $alternate ^= 1;

                git_print_tree_entry(\%t, $basedir, $hash_base, $have_blame);

                print "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</table>\n" .
              "</div>";
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_snapshot {
        my $format = $input_params{'snapshot_format'};
        if (!@snapshot_fmts) {
                die_error(403, "Snapshots not allowed");
        }
        # default to first supported snapshot format
        $format ||= $snapshot_fmts[0];
        if ($format !~ m/^[a-z0-9]+$/) {
                die_error(400, "Invalid snapshot format parameter");
        } elsif (!exists($known_snapshot_formats{$format})) {
                die_error(400, "Unknown snapshot format");
        } elsif ($known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'disabled'}) {
                die_error(403, "Snapshot format not allowed");
        } elsif (!grep($_ eq $format, @snapshot_fmts)) {
                die_error(403, "Unsupported snapshot format");
        }

        if (!defined $hash) {
                $hash = git_get_head_hash($project);
        }

        my $name = $project;
        $name =~ s,([^/])/*\.git$,$1,;
        $name = basename($name);
        my $filename = to_utf8($name);
        $name =~ s/\047/\047\\\047\047/g;
        my $cmd;
        $filename .= "-$hash$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'suffix'}";
        $cmd = quote_command(
                git_cmd(), 'archive',
                "--format=$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'format'}",
                "--prefix=$name/", $hash);
        if (exists $known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'compressor'}) {
                $cmd .= ' | ' . quote_command(@{$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'compressor'}});
        }

        print $cgi->header(
                -type => $known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'type'},
                -content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . "$filename" . '"',
                -status => '200 OK');

        open my $fd, "-|", $cmd
                or die_error(500, "Execute git-archive failed");
        binmode STDOUT, ':raw';
        print <$fd>;
        binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'; # as set at the beginning of gitweb.cgi
        close $fd;
}

sub git_log {
        my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
        if (!defined $hash) {
                $hash = $head;
        }
        if (!defined $page) {
                $page = 0;
        }
        my $refs = git_get_references();

        my @commitlist = parse_commits($hash, 101, (100 * $page));

        my $paging_nav = format_paging_nav('log', $hash, $head, $page, $#commitlist >= 100);

        my ($patch_max) = gitweb_get_feature('patches');
        if ($patch_max) {
                if ($patch_max < 0 || @commitlist <= $patch_max) {
                        $paging_nav .= " &sdot; " .
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"patches", -replay=>1)},
                                        "patches");
                }
        }

        git_header_html();
        git_print_page_nav('log','', $hash,undef,undef, $paging_nav);

        if (!@commitlist) {
                my %co = parse_commit($hash);

                git_print_header_div('summary', $project);
                print "<div class=\"page_body\"> Last change $co{'age_string'}.<br/><br/></div>\n";
        }
        my $to = ($#commitlist >= 99) ? (99) : ($#commitlist);
        for (my $i = 0; $i <= $to; $i++) {
                my %co = %{$commitlist[$i]};
                next if !%co;
                my $commit = $co{'id'};
                my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $commit);
                my %ad = parse_date($co{'author_epoch'});
                git_print_header_div('commit',
                               "<span class=\"age\">$co{'age_string'}</span>" .
                               esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref,
                               $commit);
                print "<div class=\"title_text\">\n" .
                      "<div class=\"log_link\">\n" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$commit)}, "commit") .
                      " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$commit)}, "commitdiff") .
                      " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$commit, hash_base=>$commit)}, "tree") .
                      "<br/>\n" .
                      "</div>\n";
                      git_print_authorship(\%co, -tag => 'span');
                      print "<br/>\n</div>\n";

                print "<div class=\"log_body\">\n";
                git_print_log($co{'comment'}, -final_empty_line=> 1);
                print "</div>\n";
        }
        if ($#commitlist >= 100) {
                print "<div class=\"page_nav\">\n";
                print $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page+1),
                               -accesskey => "n", -title => "Alt-n"}, "next");
                print "</div>\n";
        }
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_commit {
        $hash ||= $hash_base || "HEAD";
        my %co = parse_commit($hash)
            or die_error(404, "Unknown commit object");

        my $parent  = $co{'parent'};
        my $parents = $co{'parents'}; # listref

        # we need to prepare $formats_nav before any parameter munging
        my $formats_nav;
        if (!defined $parent) {
                # --root commitdiff
                $formats_nav .= '(initial)';
        } elsif (@$parents == 1) {
                # single parent commit
                $formats_nav .=
                        '(parent: ' .
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit",
                                               hash=>$parent)},
                                esc_html(substr($parent, 0, 7))) .
                        ')';
        } else {
                # merge commit
                $formats_nav .=
                        '(merge: ' .
                        join(' ', map {
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit",
                                                       hash=>$_)},
                                        esc_html(substr($_, 0, 7)));
                        } @$parents ) .
                        ')';
        }
        if (gitweb_check_feature('patches')) {
                $formats_nav .= " | " .
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"patch", -replay=>1)},
                                "patch");
        }

        if (!defined $parent) {
                $parent = "--root";
        }
        my @difftree;
        open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', "--no-commit-id",
                @diff_opts,
                (@$parents <= 1 ? $parent : '-c'),
                $hash, "--"
                or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
        @difftree = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
        close $fd or die_error(404, "Reading git-diff-tree failed");

        # non-textual hash id's can be cached
        my $expires;
        if ($hash =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
                $expires = "+1d";
        }
        my $refs = git_get_references();
        my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $co{'id'});

        git_header_html(undef, $expires);
        git_print_page_nav('commit', '',
                           $hash, $co{'tree'}, $hash,
                           $formats_nav);

        if (defined $co{'parent'}) {
                git_print_header_div('commitdiff', esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref, $hash);
        } else {
                git_print_header_div('tree', esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref, $co{'tree'}, $hash);
        }
        print "<div class=\"title_text\">\n" .
              "<table class=\"object_header\">\n";
        git_print_authorship_rows(\%co);
        print "<tr><td>commit</td><td class=\"sha1\">$co{'id'}</td></tr>\n";
        print "<tr>" .
              "<td>tree</td>" .
              "<td class=\"sha1\">" .
              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$hash),
                       class => "list"}, $co{'tree'}) .
              "</td>" .
              "<td class=\"link\">" .
              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$hash)},
                      "tree");
        my $snapshot_links = format_snapshot_links($hash);
        if (defined $snapshot_links) {
                print " | " . $snapshot_links;
        }
        print "</td>" .
              "</tr>\n";

        foreach my $par (@$parents) {
                print "<tr>" .
                      "<td>parent</td>" .
                      "<td class=\"sha1\">" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$par),
                               class => "list"}, $par) .
                      "</td>" .
                      "<td class=\"link\">" .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$par)}, "commit") .
                      " | " .
                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$hash, hash_parent=>$par)}, "diff") .
                      "</td>" .
                      "</tr>\n";
        }
        print "</table>".
              "</div>\n";

        print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
        git_print_log($co{'comment'});
        print "</div>\n";

        git_difftree_body(\@difftree, $hash, @$parents);

        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_object {
        # object is defined by:
        # - hash or hash_base alone
        # - hash_base and file_name
        my $type;

        # - hash or hash_base alone
        if ($hash || ($hash_base && !defined $file_name)) {
                my $object_id = $hash || $hash_base;

                open my $fd, "-|", quote_command(
                        git_cmd(), 'cat-file', '-t', $object_id) . ' 2> /dev/null'
                        or die_error(404, "Object does not exist");
                $type = <$fd>;
                chomp $type;
                close $fd
                        or die_error(404, "Object does not exist");

        # - hash_base and file_name
        } elsif ($hash_base && defined $file_name) {
                $file_name =~ s,/+$,,;

                system(git_cmd(), "cat-file", '-e', $hash_base) == 0
                        or die_error(404, "Base object does not exist");

                # here errors should not hapen
                open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", $hash_base, "--", $file_name
                        or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
                my $line = <$fd>;
                close $fd;

                #'100644 blob 0fa3f3a66fb6a137f6ec2c19351ed4d807070ffa  panic.c'
                unless ($line && $line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t/) {
                        die_error(404, "File or directory for given base does not exist");
                }
                $type = $2;
                $hash = $3;
        } else {
                die_error(400, "Not enough information to find object");
        }

        print $cgi->redirect(-uri => href(action=>$type, -full=>1,
                                          hash=>$hash, hash_base=>$hash_base,
                                          file_name=>$file_name),
                             -status => '302 Found');
}

sub git_blobdiff {
        my $format = shift || 'html';

        my $fd;
        my @difftree;
        my %diffinfo;
        my $expires;

        # preparing $fd and %diffinfo for git_patchset_body
        # new style URI
        if (defined $hash_base && defined $hash_parent_base) {
                if (defined $file_name) {
                        # read raw output
                        open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
                                $hash_parent_base, $hash_base,
                                "--", (defined $file_parent ? $file_parent : ()), $file_name
                                or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
                        @difftree = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
                        close $fd
                                or die_error(404, "Reading git-diff-tree failed");
                        @difftree
                                or die_error(404, "Blob diff not found");

                } elsif (defined $hash &&
                         $hash =~ /[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/) {
                        # try to find filename from $hash

                        # read filtered raw output
                        open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
                                $hash_parent_base, $hash_base, "--"
                                or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
                        @difftree =
                                # ':100644 100644 03b21826... 3b93d5e7... M     ls-files.c'
                                # $hash == to_id
                                grep { /^:[0-7]{6} [0-7]{6} [0-9a-fA-F]{40} $hash/ }
                                map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
                        close $fd
                                or die_error(404, "Reading git-diff-tree failed");
                        @difftree
                                or die_error(404, "Blob diff not found");

                } else {
                        die_error(400, "Missing one of the blob diff parameters");
                }

                if (@difftree > 1) {
                        die_error(400, "Ambiguous blob diff specification");
                }

                %diffinfo = parse_difftree_raw_line($difftree[0]);
                $file_parent ||= $diffinfo{'from_file'} || $file_name;
                $file_name   ||= $diffinfo{'to_file'};

                $hash_parent ||= $diffinfo{'from_id'};
                $hash        ||= $diffinfo{'to_id'};

                # non-textual hash id's can be cached
                if ($hash_base =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/ &&
                    $hash_parent_base =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
                        $expires = '+1d';
                }

                # open patch output
                open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
                        '-p', ($format eq 'html' ? "--full-index" : ()),
                        $hash_parent_base, $hash_base,
                        "--", (defined $file_parent ? $file_parent : ()), $file_name
                        or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
        }

        # old/legacy style URI -- not generated anymore since 1.4.3.
        if (!%diffinfo) {
                die_error('404 Not Found', "Missing one of the blob diff parameters")
        }

        # header
        if ($format eq 'html') {
                my $formats_nav =
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff_plain", -replay=>1)},
                                "raw");
                git_header_html(undef, $expires);
                if (defined $hash_base && (my %co = parse_commit($hash_base))) {
                        git_print_page_nav('','', $hash_base,$co{'tree'},$hash_base, $formats_nav);
                        git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash_base);
                } else {
                        print "<div class=\"page_nav\"><br/>$formats_nav<br/></div>\n";
                        print "<div class=\"title\">$hash vs $hash_parent</div>\n";
                }
                if (defined $file_name) {
                        git_print_page_path($file_name, "blob", $hash_base);
                } else {
                        print "<div class=\"page_path\"></div>\n";
                }

        } elsif ($format eq 'plain') {
                print $cgi->header(
                        -type => 'text/plain',
                        -charset => 'utf-8',
                        -expires => $expires,
                        -content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . "$file_name" . '.patch"');

                print "X-Git-Url: " . $cgi->self_url() . "\n\n";

        } else {
                die_error(400, "Unknown blobdiff format");
        }

        # patch
        if ($format eq 'html') {
                print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";

                git_patchset_body($fd, [ \%diffinfo ], $hash_base, $hash_parent_base);
                close $fd;

                print "</div>\n"; # class="page_body"
                git_footer_html();

        } else {
                while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                        $line =~ s!a/($hash|$hash_parent)!'a/'.esc_path($diffinfo{'from_file'})!eg;
                        $line =~ s!b/($hash|$hash_parent)!'b/'.esc_path($diffinfo{'to_file'})!eg;

                        print $line;

                        last if $line =~ m!^\+\+\+!;
                }
                local $/ = undef;
                print <$fd>;
                close $fd;
        }
}

sub git_blobdiff_plain {
        git_blobdiff('plain');
}

sub git_commitdiff {
        my %params = @_;
        my $format = $params{-format} || 'html';

        my ($patch_max) = gitweb_get_feature('patches');
        if ($format eq 'patch') {
                die_error(403, "Patch view not allowed") unless $patch_max;
        }

        $hash ||= $hash_base || "HEAD";
        my %co = parse_commit($hash)
            or die_error(404, "Unknown commit object");

        # choose format for commitdiff for merge
        if (! defined $hash_parent && @{$co{'parents'}} > 1) {
                $hash_parent = '--cc';
        }
        # we need to prepare $formats_nav before almost any parameter munging
        my $formats_nav;
        if ($format eq 'html') {
                $formats_nav =
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff_plain", -replay=>1)},
                                "raw");
                if ($patch_max) {
                        $formats_nav .= " | " .
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"patch", -replay=>1)},
                                        "patch");
                }

                if (defined $hash_parent &&
                    $hash_parent ne '-c' && $hash_parent ne '--cc') {
                        # commitdiff with two commits given
                        my $hash_parent_short = $hash_parent;
                        if ($hash_parent =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
                                $hash_parent_short = substr($hash_parent, 0, 7);
                        }
                        $formats_nav .=
                                ' (from';
                        for (my $i = 0; $i < @{$co{'parents'}}; $i++) {
                                if ($co{'parents'}[$i] eq $hash_parent) {
                                        $formats_nav .= ' parent ' . ($i+1);
                                        last;
                                }
                        }
                        $formats_nav .= ': ' .
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
                                                       hash=>$hash_parent)},
                                        esc_html($hash_parent_short)) .
                                ')';
                } elsif (!$co{'parent'}) {
                        # --root commitdiff
                        $formats_nav .= ' (initial)';
                } elsif (scalar @{$co{'parents'}} == 1) {
                        # single parent commit
                        $formats_nav .=
                                ' (parent: ' .
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
                                                       hash=>$co{'parent'})},
                                        esc_html(substr($co{'parent'}, 0, 7))) .
                                ')';
                } else {
                        # merge commit
                        if ($hash_parent eq '--cc') {
                                $formats_nav .= ' | ' .
                                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
                                                               hash=>$hash, hash_parent=>'-c')},
                                                'combined');
                        } else { # $hash_parent eq '-c'
                                $formats_nav .= ' | ' .
                                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
                                                               hash=>$hash, hash_parent=>'--cc')},
                                                'compact');
                        }
                        $formats_nav .=
                                ' (merge: ' .
                                join(' ', map {
                                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
                                                               hash=>$_)},
                                                esc_html(substr($_, 0, 7)));
                                } @{$co{'parents'}} ) .
                                ')';
                }
        }

        my $hash_parent_param = $hash_parent;
        if (!defined $hash_parent_param) {
                # --cc for multiple parents, --root for parentless
                $hash_parent_param =
                        @{$co{'parents'}} > 1 ? '--cc' : $co{'parent'} || '--root';
        }

        # read commitdiff
        my $fd;
        my @difftree;
        if ($format eq 'html') {
                open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
                        "--no-commit-id", "--patch-with-raw", "--full-index",
                        $hash_parent_param, $hash, "--"
                        or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");

                while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                        chomp $line;
                        # empty line ends raw part of diff-tree output
                        last unless $line;
                        push @difftree, scalar parse_difftree_raw_line($line);
                }

        } elsif ($format eq 'plain') {
                open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
                        '-p', $hash_parent_param, $hash, "--"
                        or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
        } elsif ($format eq 'patch') {
                # For commit ranges, we limit the output to the number of
                # patches specified in the 'patches' feature.
                # For single commits, we limit the output to a single patch,
                # diverging from the git-format-patch default.
                my @commit_spec = ();
                if ($hash_parent) {
                        if ($patch_max > 0) {
                                push @commit_spec, "-$patch_max";
                        }
                        push @commit_spec, '-n', "$hash_parent..$hash";
                } else {
                        if ($params{-single}) {
                                push @commit_spec, '-1';
                        } else {
                                if ($patch_max > 0) {
                                        push @commit_spec, "-$patch_max";
                                }
                                push @commit_spec, "-n";
                        }
                        push @commit_spec, '--root', $hash;
                }
                open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "format-patch", '--encoding=utf8',
                        '--stdout', @commit_spec
                        or die_error(500, "Open git-format-patch failed");
        } else {
                die_error(400, "Unknown commitdiff format");
        }

        # non-textual hash id's can be cached
        my $expires;
        if ($hash =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
                $expires = "+1d";
        }

        # write commit message
        if ($format eq 'html') {
                my $refs = git_get_references();
                my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $co{'id'});

                git_header_html(undef, $expires);
                git_print_page_nav('commitdiff','', $hash,$co{'tree'},$hash, $formats_nav);
                git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref, $hash);
                print "<div class=\"title_text\">\n" .
                      "<table class=\"object_header\">\n";
                git_print_authorship_rows(\%co);
                print "</table>".
                      "</div>\n";
                print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
                if (@{$co{'comment'}} > 1) {
                        print "<div class=\"log\">\n";
                        git_print_log($co{'comment'}, -final_empty_line=> 1, -remove_title => 1);
                        print "</div>\n"; # class="log"
                }

        } elsif ($format eq 'plain') {
                my $refs = git_get_references("tags");
                my $tagname = git_get_rev_name_tags($hash);
                my $filename = basename($project) . "-$hash.patch";

                print $cgi->header(
                        -type => 'text/plain',
                        -charset => 'utf-8',
                        -expires => $expires,
                        -content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . "$filename" . '"');
                my %ad = parse_date($co{'author_epoch'}, $co{'author_tz'});
                print "From: " . to_utf8($co{'author'}) . "\n";
                print "Date: $ad{'rfc2822'} ($ad{'tz_local'})\n";
                print "Subject: " . to_utf8($co{'title'}) . "\n";

                print "X-Git-Tag: $tagname\n" if $tagname;
                print "X-Git-Url: " . $cgi->self_url() . "\n\n";

                foreach my $line (@{$co{'comment'}}) {
                        print to_utf8($line) . "\n";
                }
                print "---\n\n";
        } elsif ($format eq 'patch') {
                my $filename = basename($project) . "-$hash.patch";

                print $cgi->header(
                        -type => 'text/plain',
                        -charset => 'utf-8',
                        -expires => $expires,
                        -content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . "$filename" . '"');
        }

        # write patch
        if ($format eq 'html') {
                my $use_parents = !defined $hash_parent ||
                        $hash_parent eq '-c' || $hash_parent eq '--cc';
                git_difftree_body(\@difftree, $hash,
                                  $use_parents ? @{$co{'parents'}} : $hash_parent);
                print "<br/>\n";

                git_patchset_body($fd, \@difftree, $hash,
                                  $use_parents ? @{$co{'parents'}} : $hash_parent);
                close $fd;
                print "</div>\n"; # class="page_body"
                git_footer_html();

        } elsif ($format eq 'plain') {
                local $/ = undef;
                print <$fd>;
                close $fd
                        or print "Reading git-diff-tree failed\n";
        } elsif ($format eq 'patch') {
                local $/ = undef;
                print <$fd>;
                close $fd
                        or print "Reading git-format-patch failed\n";
        }
}

sub git_commitdiff_plain {
        git_commitdiff(-format => 'plain');
}

# format-patch-style patches
sub git_patch {
        git_commitdiff(-format => 'patch', -single=> 1);
}

sub git_patches {
        git_commitdiff(-format => 'patch');
}

sub git_history {
        if (!defined $hash_base) {
                $hash_base = git_get_head_hash($project);
        }
        if (!defined $page) {
                $page = 0;
        }
        my $ftype;
        my %co = parse_commit($hash_base)
            or die_error(404, "Unknown commit object");

        my $refs = git_get_references();
        my $limit = sprintf("--max-count=%i", (100 * ($page+1)));

        my @commitlist = parse_commits($hash_base, 101, (100 * $page),
                                       $file_name, "--full-history")
            or die_error(404, "No such file or directory on given branch");

        if (!defined $hash && defined $file_name) {
                # some commits could have deleted file in question,
                # and not have it in tree, but one of them has to have it
                for (my $i = 0; $i <= @commitlist; $i++) {
                        $hash = git_get_hash_by_path($commitlist[$i]{'id'}, $file_name);
                        last if defined $hash;
                }
        }
        if (defined $hash) {
                $ftype = git_get_type($hash);
        }
        if (!defined $ftype) {
                die_error(500, "Unknown type of object");
        }

        my $paging_nav = '';
        if ($page > 0) {
                $paging_nav .=
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash=>$hash, hash_base=>$hash_base,
                                               file_name=>$file_name)},
                                "first");
                $paging_nav .= " &sdot; " .
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page-1),
                                 -accesskey => "p", -title => "Alt-p"}, "prev");
        } else {
                $paging_nav .= "first";
                $paging_nav .= " &sdot; prev";
        }
        my $next_link = '';
        if ($#commitlist >= 100) {
                $next_link =
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page+1),
                                 -accesskey => "n", -title => "Alt-n"}, "next");
                $paging_nav .= " &sdot; $next_link";
        } else {
                $paging_nav .= " &sdot; next";
        }

        git_header_html();
        git_print_page_nav('history','', $hash_base,$co{'tree'},$hash_base, $paging_nav);
        git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash_base);
        git_print_page_path($file_name, $ftype, $hash_base);

        git_history_body(\@commitlist, 0, 99,
                         $refs, $hash_base, $ftype, $next_link);

        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_search {
        gitweb_check_feature('search') or die_error(403, "Search is disabled");
        if (!defined $searchtext) {
                die_error(400, "Text field is empty");
        }
        if (!defined $hash) {
                $hash = git_get_head_hash($project);
        }
        my %co = parse_commit($hash);
        if (!%co) {
                die_error(404, "Unknown commit object");
        }
        if (!defined $page) {
                $page = 0;
        }

        $searchtype ||= 'commit';
        if ($searchtype eq 'pickaxe') {
                # pickaxe may take all resources of your box and run for several minutes
                # with every query - so decide by yourself how public you make this feature
                gitweb_check_feature('pickaxe')
                    or die_error(403, "Pickaxe is disabled");
        }
        if ($searchtype eq 'grep') {
                gitweb_check_feature('grep')[0]
                    or die_error(403, "Grep is disabled");
        }

        git_header_html();

        if ($searchtype eq 'commit' or $searchtype eq 'author' or $searchtype eq 'committer') {
                my $greptype;
                if ($searchtype eq 'commit') {
                        $greptype = "--grep=";
                } elsif ($searchtype eq 'author') {
                        $greptype = "--author=";
                } elsif ($searchtype eq 'committer') {
                        $greptype = "--committer=";
                }
                $greptype .= $searchtext;
                my @commitlist = parse_commits($hash, 101, (100 * $page), undef,
                                               $greptype, '--regexp-ignore-case',
                                               $search_use_regexp ? '--extended-regexp' : '--fixed-strings');

                my $paging_nav = '';
                if ($page > 0) {
                        $paging_nav .=
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search", hash=>$hash,
                                                       searchtext=>$searchtext,
                                                       searchtype=>$searchtype)},
                                        "first");
                        $paging_nav .= " &sdot; " .
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page-1),
                                         -accesskey => "p", -title => "Alt-p"}, "prev");
                } else {
                        $paging_nav .= "first";
                        $paging_nav .= " &sdot; prev";
                }
                my $next_link = '';
                if ($#commitlist >= 100) {
                        $next_link =
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page+1),
                                         -accesskey => "n", -title => "Alt-n"}, "next");
                        $paging_nav .= " &sdot; $next_link";
                } else {
                        $paging_nav .= " &sdot; next";
                }

                if ($#commitlist >= 100) {
                }

                git_print_page_nav('','', $hash,$co{'tree'},$hash, $paging_nav);
                git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash);
                git_search_grep_body(\@commitlist, 0, 99, $next_link);
        }

        if ($searchtype eq 'pickaxe') {
                git_print_page_nav('','', $hash,$co{'tree'},$hash);
                git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash);

                print "<table class=\"pickaxe search\">\n";
                my $alternate = 1;
                local $/ = "\n";
                open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), '--no-pager', 'log', @diff_opts,
                        '--pretty=format:%H', '--no-abbrev', '--raw', "-S$searchtext",
                        ($search_use_regexp ? '--pickaxe-regex' : ());
                undef %co;
                my @files;
                while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                        chomp $line;
                        next unless $line;

                        my %set = parse_difftree_raw_line($line);
                        if (defined $set{'commit'}) {
                                # finish previous commit
                                if (%co) {
                                        print "</td>\n" .
                                              "<td class=\"link\">" .
                                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'})}, "commit") .
                                              " | " .
                                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$co{'id'})}, "tree");
                                        print "</td>\n" .
                                              "</tr>\n";
                                }

                                if ($alternate) {
                                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                                } else {
                                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                                }
                                $alternate ^= 1;
                                %co = parse_commit($set{'commit'});
                                my $author = chop_and_escape_str($co{'author_name'}, 15, 5);
                                print "<td title=\"$co{'age_string_age'}\"><i>$co{'age_string_date'}</i></td>\n" .
                                      "<td><i>$author</i></td>\n" .
                                      "<td>" .
                                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'}),
                                              -class => "list subject"},
                                              chop_and_escape_str($co{'title'}, 50) . "<br/>");
                        } elsif (defined $set{'to_id'}) {
                                next if ($set{'to_id'} =~ m/^0{40}$/);

                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$co{'id'},
                                                             hash=>$set{'to_id'}, file_name=>$set{'to_file'}),
                                              -class => "list"},
                                              "<span class=\"match\">" . esc_path($set{'file'}) . "</span>") .
                                      "<br/>\n";
                        }
                }
                close $fd;

                # finish last commit (warning: repetition!)
                if (%co) {
                        print "</td>\n" .
                              "<td class=\"link\">" .
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'})}, "commit") .
                              " | " .
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$co{'id'})}, "tree");
                        print "</td>\n" .
                              "</tr>\n";
                }

                print "</table>\n";
        }

        if ($searchtype eq 'grep') {
                git_print_page_nav('','', $hash,$co{'tree'},$hash);
                git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash);

                print "<table class=\"grep_search\">\n";
                my $alternate = 1;
                my $matches = 0;
                local $/ = "\n";
                open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), 'grep', '-n',
                        $search_use_regexp ? ('-E', '-i') : '-F',
                        $searchtext, $co{'tree'};
                my $lastfile = '';
                while (my $line = <$fd>) {
                        chomp $line;
                        my ($file, $lno, $ltext, $binary);
                        last if ($matches++ > 1000);
                        if ($line =~ /^Binary file (.+) matches$/) {
                                $file = $1;
                                $binary = 1;
                        } else {
                                (undef, $file, $lno, $ltext) = split(/:/, $line, 4);
                        }
                        if ($file ne $lastfile) {
                                $lastfile and print "</td></tr>\n";
                                if ($alternate++) {
                                        print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
                                } else {
                                        print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
                                }
                                print "<td class=\"list\">".
                                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$co{'hash'},
                                                               file_name=>"$file"),
                                                -class => "list"}, esc_path($file));
                                print "</td><td>\n";
                                $lastfile = $file;
                        }
                        if ($binary) {
                                print "<div class=\"binary\">Binary file</div>\n";
                        } else {
                                $ltext = untabify($ltext);
                                if ($ltext =~ m/^(.*)($search_regexp)(.*)$/i) {
                                        $ltext = esc_html($1, -nbsp=>1);
                                        $ltext .= '<span class="match">';
                                        $ltext .= esc_html($2, -nbsp=>1);
                                        $ltext .= '</span>';
                                        $ltext .= esc_html($3, -nbsp=>1);
                                } else {
                                        $ltext = esc_html($ltext, -nbsp=>1);
                                }
                                print "<div class=\"pre\">" .
                                        $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$co{'hash'},
                                                               file_name=>"$file").'#l'.$lno,
                                                -class => "linenr"}, sprintf('%4i', $lno))
                                        . ' ' .  $ltext . "</div>\n";
                        }
                }
                if ($lastfile) {
                        print "</td></tr>\n";
                        if ($matches > 1000) {
                                print "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">Too many matches, listing trimmed</div>\n";
                        }
                } else {
                        print "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">No matches found</div>\n";
                }
                close $fd;

                print "</table>\n";
        }
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_search_help {
        git_header_html();
        git_print_page_nav('','', $hash,$hash,$hash);
        print <<EOT;
<p><strong>Pattern</strong> is by default a normal string that is matched precisely (but without
regard to case, except in the case of pickaxe). However, when you check the <em>re</em> checkbox,
the pattern entered is recognized as the POSIX extended
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression">regular expression</a> (also case
insensitive).</p>
<dl>
<dt><b>commit</b></dt>
<dd>The commit messages and authorship information will be scanned for the given pattern.</dd>
EOT
        my $have_grep = gitweb_check_feature('grep');
        if ($have_grep) {
                print <<EOT;
<dt><b>grep</b></dt>
<dd>All files in the currently selected tree (HEAD unless you are explicitly browsing
    a different one) are searched for the given pattern. On large trees, this search can take
a while and put some strain on the server, so please use it with some consideration. Note that
due to git-grep peculiarity, currently if regexp mode is turned off, the matches are
case-sensitive.</dd>
EOT
        }
        print <<EOT;
<dt><b>author</b></dt>
<dd>Name and e-mail of the change author and date of birth of the patch will be scanned for the given pattern.</dd>
<dt><b>committer</b></dt>
<dd>Name and e-mail of the committer and date of commit will be scanned for the given pattern.</dd>
EOT
        my $have_pickaxe = gitweb_check_feature('pickaxe');
        if ($have_pickaxe) {
                print <<EOT;
<dt><b>pickaxe</b></dt>
<dd>All commits that caused the string to appear or disappear from any file (changes that
added, removed or "modified" the string) will be listed. This search can take a while and
takes a lot of strain on the server, so please use it wisely. Note that since you may be
interested even in changes just changing the case as well, this search is case sensitive.</dd>
EOT
        }
        print "</dl>\n";
        git_footer_html();
}

sub git_shortlog {
        my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
        if (!defined $hash) {
                $hash = $head;
        }
        if (!defined $page) {
                $page = 0;
        }
        my $refs = git_get_references();

        my $commit_hash = $hash;
        if (defined $hash_parent) {
                $commit_hash = "$hash_parent..$hash";
        }
        my @commitlist = parse_commits($commit_hash, 101, (100 * $page));

        my $paging_nav = format_paging_nav('shortlog', $hash, $head, $page, $#commitlist >= 100);
        my $next_link = '';
        if ($#commitlist >= 100) {
                $next_link =
                        $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page+1),
                                 -accesskey => "n", -title => "Alt-n"}, "next");
        }
        my $patch_max = gitweb_check_feature('patches');
        if ($patch_max) {
                if ($patch_max < 0 || @commitlist <= $patch_max) {
                        $paging_nav .= " &sdot; " .
                                $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"patches", -replay=>1)},
                                        "patches");
                }
        }

        git_header_html();
        git_print_page_nav('shortlog','', $hash,$hash,$hash, $paging_nav);
        git_print_header_div('summary', $project);

        git_shortlog_body(\@commitlist, 0, 99, $refs, $next_link);

        git_footer_html();
}

## ......................................................................
## feeds (RSS, Atom; OPML)

sub git_feed {
        my $format = shift || 'atom';
        my $have_blame = gitweb_check_feature('blame');

        # Atom: http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
        # RSS:  http://www.notestips.com/80256B3A007F2692/1/NAMO5P9UPQ
        if ($format ne 'rss' && $format ne 'atom') {
                die_error(400, "Unknown web feed format");
        }

        # log/feed of current (HEAD) branch, log of given branch, history of file/directory
        my $head = $hash || 'HEAD';
        my @commitlist = parse_commits($head, 150, 0, $file_name);

        my %latest_commit;
        my %latest_date;
        my $content_type = "application/$format+xml";
        if (defined $cgi->http('HTTP_ACCEPT') &&
                 $cgi->Accept('text/xml') > $cgi->Accept($content_type)) {
                # browser (feed reader) prefers text/xml
                $content_type = 'text/xml';
        }
        if (defined($commitlist[0])) {
                %latest_commit = %{$commitlist[0]};
                my $latest_epoch = $latest_commit{'committer_epoch'};
                %latest_date   = parse_date($latest_epoch);
                my $if_modified = $cgi->http('IF_MODIFIED_SINCE');
                if (defined $if_modified) {
                        my $since;
                        if (eval { require HTTP::Date; 1; }) {
                                $since = HTTP::Date::str2time($if_modified);
                        } elsif (eval { require Time::ParseDate; 1; }) {
                                $since = Time::ParseDate::parsedate($if_modified, GMT => 1);
                        }
                        if (defined $since && $latest_epoch <= $since) {
                                print $cgi->header(
                                        -type => $content_type,
                                        -charset => 'utf-8',
                                        -last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'},
                                        -status => '304 Not Modified');
                                return;
                        }
                }
                print $cgi->header(
                        -type => $content_type,
                        -charset => 'utf-8',
                        -last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'});
        } else {
                print $cgi->header(
                        -type => $content_type,
                        -charset => 'utf-8');
        }

        # Optimization: skip generating the body if client asks only
        # for Last-Modified date.
        return if ($cgi->request_method() eq 'HEAD');

        # header variables
        my $title = "$site_name - $project/$action";
        my $feed_type = 'log';
        if (defined $hash) {
                $title .= " - '$hash'";
                $feed_type = 'branch log';
                if (defined $file_name) {
                        $title .= " :: $file_name";
                        $feed_type = 'history';
                }
        } elsif (defined $file_name) {
                $title .= " - $file_name";
                $feed_type = 'history';
        }
        $title .= " $feed_type";
        my $descr = git_get_project_description($project);
        if (defined $descr) {
                $descr = esc_html($descr);
        } else {
                $descr = "$project " .
                         ($format eq 'rss' ? 'RSS' : 'Atom') .
                         " feed";
        }
        my $owner = git_get_project_owner($project);
        $owner = esc_html($owner);

        #header
        my $alt_url;
        if (defined $file_name) {
                $alt_url = href(-full=>1, action=>"history", hash=>$hash, file_name=>$file_name);
        } elsif (defined $hash) {
                $alt_url = href(-full=>1, action=>"log", hash=>$hash);
        } else {
                $alt_url = href(-full=>1, action=>"summary");
        }
        print qq!<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n!;
        if ($format eq 'rss') {
                print <<XML;
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
<channel>
XML
                print "<title>$title</title>\n" .
                      "<link>$alt_url</link>\n" .
                      "<description>$descr</description>\n" .
                      "<language>en</language>\n" .
                      # project owner is responsible for 'editorial' content
                      "<managingEditor>$owner</managingEditor>\n";
                if (defined $logo || defined $favicon) {
                        # prefer the logo to the favicon, since RSS
                        # doesn't allow both
                        my $img = esc_url($logo || $favicon);
                        print "<image>\n" .
                              "<url>$img</url>\n" .
                              "<title>$title</title>\n" .
                              "<link>$alt_url</link>\n" .
                              "</image>\n";
                }
                if (%latest_date) {
                        print "<pubDate>$latest_date{'rfc2822'}</pubDate>\n";
                        print "<lastBuildDate>$latest_date{'rfc2822'}</lastBuildDate>\n";
                }
                print "<generator>gitweb v.$version/$git_version</generator>\n";
        } elsif ($format eq 'atom') {
                print <<XML;
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
XML
                print "<title>$title</title>\n" .
                      "<subtitle>$descr</subtitle>\n" .
                      '<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="' .
                      $alt_url . '" />' . "\n" .
                      '<link rel="self" type="' . $content_type . '" href="' .
                      $cgi->self_url() . '" />' . "\n" .
                      "<id>" . href(-full=>1) . "</id>\n" .
                      # use project owner for feed author
                      "<author><name>$owner</name></author>\n";
                if (defined $favicon) {
                        print "<icon>" . esc_url($favicon) . "</icon>\n";
                }
                if (defined $logo_url) {
                        # not twice as wide as tall: 72 x 27 pixels
                        print "<logo>" . esc_url($logo) . "</logo>\n";
                }
                if (! %latest_date) {
                        # dummy date to keep the feed valid until commits trickle in:
                        print "<updated>1970-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>\n";
                } else {
                        print "<updated>$latest_date{'iso-8601'}</updated>\n";
                }
                print "<generator version='$version/$git_version'>gitweb</generator>\n";
        }

        # contents
        for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#commitlist; $i++) {
                my %co = %{$commitlist[$i]};
                my $commit = $co{'id'};
                # we read 150, we always show 30 and the ones more recent than 48 hours
                if (($i >= 20) && ((time - $co{'author_epoch'}) > 48*60*60)) {
                        last;
                }
                my %cd = parse_date($co{'author_epoch'});

                # get list of changed files
                open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
                        $co{'parent'} || "--root",
                        $co{'id'}, "--", (defined $file_name ? $file_name : ())
                        or next;
                my @difftree = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
                close $fd
                        or next;

                # print element (entry, item)
                my $co_url = href(-full=>1, action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$commit);
                if ($format eq 'rss') {
                        print "<item>\n" .
                              "<title>" . esc_html($co{'title'}) . "</title>\n" .
                              "<author>" . esc_html($co{'author'}) . "</author>\n" .
                              "<pubDate>$cd{'rfc2822'}</pubDate>\n" .
                              "<guid isPermaLink=\"true\">$co_url</guid>\n" .
                              "<link>$co_url</link>\n" .
                              "<description>" . esc_html($co{'title'}) . "</description>\n" .
                              "<content:encoded>" .
                              "<![CDATA[\n";
                } elsif ($format eq 'atom') {
                        print "<entry>\n" .
                              "<title type=\"html\">" . esc_html($co{'title'}) . "</title>\n" .
                              "<updated>$cd{'iso-8601'}</updated>\n" .
                              "<author>\n" .
                              "  <name>" . esc_html($co{'author_name'}) . "</name>\n";
                        if ($co{'author_email'}) {
                                print "  <email>" . esc_html($co{'author_email'}) . "</email>\n";
                        }
                        print "</author>\n" .
                              # use committer for contributor
                              "<contributor>\n" .
                              "  <name>" . esc_html($co{'committer_name'}) . "</name>\n";
                        if ($co{'committer_email'}) {
                                print "  <email>" . esc_html($co{'committer_email'}) . "</email>\n";
                        }
                        print "</contributor>\n" .
                              "<published>$cd{'iso-8601'}</published>\n" .
                              "<link rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/html\" href=\"$co_url\" />\n" .
                              "<id>$co_url</id>\n" .
                              "<content type=\"xhtml\" xml:base=\"" . esc_url($my_url) . "\">\n" .
                              "<div xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n";
                }
                my $comment = $co{'comment'};
                print "<pre>\n";
                foreach my $line (@$comment) {
                        $line = esc_html($line);
                        print "$line\n";
                }
                print "</pre><ul>\n";
                foreach my $difftree_line (@difftree) {
                        my %difftree = parse_difftree_raw_line($difftree_line);
                        next if !$difftree{'from_id'};

                        my $file = $difftree{'file'} || $difftree{'to_file'};

                        print "<li>" .
                              "[" .
                              $cgi->a({-href => href(-full=>1, action=>"blobdiff",
                                                     hash=>$difftree{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$difftree{'from_id'},
                                                     hash_base=>$co{'id'}, hash_parent_base=>$co{'parent'},
                                                     file_name=>$file, file_parent=>$difftree{'from_file'}),
                                      -title => "diff"}, 'D');
                        if ($have_blame) {
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(-full=>1, action=>"blame",
                                                             file_name=>$file, hash_base=>$commit),
                                              -title => "blame"}, 'B');
                        }
                        # if this is not a feed of a file history
                        if (!defined $file_name || $file_name ne $file) {
                                print $cgi->a({-href => href(-full=>1, action=>"history",
                                                             file_name=>$file, hash=>$commit),
                                              -title => "history"}, 'H');
                        }
                        $file = esc_path($file);
                        print "] ".
                              "$file</li>\n";
                }
                if ($format eq 'rss') {
                        print "</ul>]]>\n" .
                              "</content:encoded>\n" .
                              "</item>\n";
                } elsif ($format eq 'atom') {
                        print "</ul>\n</div>\n" .
                              "</content>\n" .
                              "</entry>\n";
                }
        }

        # end of feed
        if ($format eq 'rss') {
                print "</channel>\n</rss>\n";
        } elsif ($format eq 'atom') {
                print "</feed>\n";
        }
}

sub git_rss {
        git_feed('rss');
}

sub git_atom {
        git_feed('atom');
}

sub git_opml {
        my @list = git_get_projects_list();

        print $cgi->header(
                -type => 'text/xml',
                -charset => 'utf-8',
                -content_disposition => 'inline; filename="opml.xml"');

        print <<XML;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<opml version="1.0">
<head>
  <title>$site_name OPML Export</title>
</head>
<body>
<outline text="git RSS feeds">
XML

        foreach my $pr (@list) {
                my %proj = %$pr;
                my $head = git_get_head_hash($proj{'path'});
                if (!defined $head) {
                        next;
                }
                $git_dir = "$projectroot/$proj{'path'}";
                my %co = parse_commit($head);
                if (!%co) {
                        next;
                }

                my $path = esc_html(chop_str($proj{'path'}, 25, 5));
                my $rss  = href('project' => $proj{'path'}, 'action' => 'rss', -full => 1);
                my $html = href('project' => $proj{'path'}, 'action' => 'summary', -full => 1);
                print "<outline type=\"rss\" text=\"$path\" title=\"$path\" xmlUrl=\"$rss\" htmlUrl=\"$html\"/>\n";
        }
        print <<XML;
</outline>
</body>
</opml>
XML
}