[OldStandard] / oldstandard-t.tex

\RequirePackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@software{arabluatex,
  title =        {The arabluatex package},
  titleaddon =   {Arab\TeX\ for Lua\LaTeX},
  author =       {Alessi, Robert},
  url =          {https://ctan.org/pkg/arabluatex},
  version =      {1.17}
}
@software{babel,
  title =        {The Babel package},
  titleaddon =   {Multilingual support for Plain TeX or LaTeX},
  author =       {Bezos López, Javier and Braams, Johannes L.},
  url =          {http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel},
  version =      {3.33}
}
@software{oldstandard,
  title =        {The OldStandard package},
  titleaddon =   {Old Standard: A Unicode Font for Classical and
                  Medieval Studies},
  author =       {Kryukov, Alexey},
  editor =       {Lečić, Nikola and Tennent, Bob},
  editortype =   {compiler},
  url =          {http://www.ctan.org/pkg/oldstandard},
  version =      {2.3}
}
\end{filecontents*}
\documentclass[letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[no-math]{fontspec}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage[greek.ancient,english]{babel}
\babeltags{grc = greek}

\babelfont{rm}[BoldItalicFont={Old Standard T Italic},
BoldItalicFeatures={RawFeature={+embolden=2}}]{Old Standard T}

\babelfont[greek]{rm}[RawFeature={+ss05;+ss06},
BoldItalicFont={Old Standard T Italic},
BoldItalicFeatures={RawFeature={+embolden=2}}]{Old Standard T}

\babelfont{tt}{CMU Typewriter Text}

\newlength\defaultparindent
\setlength\defaultparindent{\parindent}
\usepackage{dtxdescribe}
\setlength\parindent{\defaultparindent}

\usepackage[xindy]{imakeidx}
\indexsetup{noclearpage}
\makeindex

\usepackage{latexcolors}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage{xurl}
\usepackage{uri}
\usepackage{varioref}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{unicode=true, linktocpage=true, colorlinks,
  allcolors=cinnamon, pdfauthor={Robert Alessi}, pdftitle={Old
    Standard T}}

\usepackage{enumitem}
\setlist{nosep}
\setlist[itemize]{label=\textendash}
\setlist[enumerate,1]{label=(\alph*)}
\setlist[enumerate,2]{label=\roman*.}
\usepackage{metalogox}
\usepackage{lettrine}
\usepackage{setspace}

\usepackage{relsize}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[breakable, skins, xparse, minted]{tcolorbox}
\tcbset{colback=white, boxrule=.15mm, colframe=cinnamon, breakable}
\newtcblisting{example}{minted options={linenos, numbersep=0mm,
    fontsize=\smaller}}
\newtcblisting{code}{minted options={linenos, numbersep=0mm,
    fontsize=\smaller}, listing only}

\usepackage[fullvoc]{arabluatex}
\usepackage[style=oxnotes-inote]{biblatex}
\DeclareFieldFormat{postnote}{\mkpageprefix[pagination][\mknormrange]{#1}}
\addbibresource{oldstandard-t.bib}
\usepackage[citecmd=autocite,defaultindex=none]{icite}
\bibinput{oldstandard-t}

\usepackage{cleveref}

\usepackage[toc]{multitoc}

\title{\mdseries\tcbox[colframe=black, enhanced, tikznode, drop
  lifted shadow, colback=white, boxrule=.25mm]%
  {\textsc{Old Standard T}\\
    \Large
    A Unicode Font for Classical and Medieval Studies\\
    \large Based on Alexey Kryukov's \emph{Old Standard}\\
    \large v1.0 -- \today}}

\author{Robert Alessi \\
\href{mailto:alessi@robertalessi.net?Subject=arabluatex package}%
{\texttt{alessi@robertalessi.net}}}
\date{}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\footnotesize
\tableofcontents
\normalsize

\begin{abstract}
  This font is just the same as Alexey Kryukov's beautiful \emph{Old
    Standard}. In comparison to \emph{Old Standard}, \emph{Old
    Standard T} includes new letters and some corrections.
\end{abstract}

\section{License}
\label{sec:license}
Copyright \textcopyright\ 2006--2011, Alexey Kryukov
(\href{mailto:amkryukov@gmail.com}{amkryukov@gmail.com}), without
Reserved Font Names.
\\
Copyright \textcopyright\ 2019, Robert Alessi
(\href{mailto:alessi@robertalessi.net}{alessi@robertalessi.net}), without
Reserved Font Names.

Please send error reports and suggestions for improvements to Robert
Alessi:
\begin{itemize}
\item email: \mailto[oldstandard-t package]{alessi@roberalessi.net}
\item website: \url{http://www.robertalessi.net/oldstandard\_t}
\item development: \url{http://git.robertalessi.net/oldstandard\_t}
\item comments, feature requests, bug reports:
\url{https://gitlab.com/ralessi/oldstandard\_t/issues}
\end{itemize}

This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License,
Version 1.1. This license is available with a FAQ at:
\url{http://scripts.sil.org/OFL}

\section{History}
\label{sec:history}
\emph{Old Standard} is a remarkable creation of Alexey Kryukov,
inspired by a typeface most commonly used in books printed in the late
\textsc{xix}\textsuperscript{th} and early
\textsc{xx}\textsuperscript{th} century. The source files, which can
be found online,\footnote{See
  \url{https://github.com/akryukov/oldstand}} have been published
under the terms of the OFL license (see above,
\vref{sec:license}). However, at the time of writing, the latest
update dates back to Aug.\ 12, 2013. To be more precise, all of the
five \enquote*{commits} the writer was able to see were pushed on the
very same day. Since then, two \enquote*{pull requests} dating back to
2017 have been remained unanswered. It is therefore to be feared that
the project has been abandoned.  To date, this release of \emph{Old
  Standard} has been published by Nikola Lečić and Bob Tennent and is
available on CTAN and {\TeX}Live with a style file.\footnote{See
  \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/oldstandard}}

Being unable himself to contact the author, the writer, while in need
to have new letters included in \emph{Old Standard} and some issues
addressed, took the decision to release \emph{Old Standard T}.

\paragraph{Important disclaimer}
The writer is very far from being able to design glyphs \emph{ex
  nihilo}. That aside, he has some limited knowledge in the use of
FontForge, and, as a classicist, he is able to scrutinize how features
operate and if they operate as expected.

In \emph{Old Standard T}, the letter \emph{T} stands for
\emph{Transient}, which means that \emph{Old Standard T} should only
stay as long as what it features is not included in \emph{Old
  Standard}.

\section{Documentation}
\label{sec:documentation}
No documentation is associated with \emph{Old Standard T} as every
item of the original extensive documentation applies. The reader
should refer to it.\icite{oldstandard}

\section{Additions and corrections provided by
  \emph{Old Standard~T}}
\label{sec:addit-corr-prov}
\emph{Old Standard T} includes new letters and some corrections:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Small capitals for Roman, Greek and Cyrillic letters, in all
  three styles, Regular, Italic and Bold have been added. Small
  capitals, which are missing from \emph{Old Standard}, were already
  in use a century ago in fine books which used font faces very
  similar to \emph{Old Standard}. Typical use cases of small capitals
  were headers, current headings and in some books proper names.
\item The letter G with caron above, that is: Ǧ (\verb|U+01E6|,
  uppercase) and ǧ (\verb|U+01E7|, lowercase) has been added. It is
  the only character missing from \emph{Old Standard} that is needed
  in some of the accepted standards of romanization of classical
  Arabic. See for references the current documentation of the
  \textsf{arabluatex} package.\footnote{\icite{arabluatex}[cite], sect{.}
    \enquote{Transliteration}.}
\item Additionally, \emph{Old Standard T} corrects the \verb|+ss06|
  feature provided by \emph{Old Standard}. This feature is supposed to
  distinguish between regular and \enquote*{curled} beta (β/ϐ) and to
  print \enquote*{curled} beta (\verb|U+03D0|) in medial
  position. This feature works in most cases with \emph{Old
    Standard}. However, it fails if the beta is preceded by a vowel
  with an acute accent taken from the Greek extended Unicode block.
\end{enumerate}

\section{Usage}
\label{sec:usage}
\emph{Old Standard T} works with \TeX\ engines that directly support
OpenType features such as \XeTeX\ and \LuaTeX.

It is loaded with \pkg{fontspec} like so:---
\begin{code}
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \setmainfont{Old Standard T}
\end{code}

\paragraph{Small capitals}
Small capitals have been added in \emph{Old Standard T} for the
following languages or transcription schemes: French, German, Italian,
Spanish, unaccented Greek, basic Russian and Arabic \enquote*{DMG}.

The following two examples demonstrate the use of small capitals:---
\begin{tcblisting}{minted language=latex, title=Initials, minted
    options={fontsize=\smaller, linenos, numbersep=0mm,
      highlightlines={7}}}
  \begin{center}
    CHAPTER I

    MR.\ SHERLOCK HOLMES
  \end{center}
  
  \lettrine[loversize=0.2]{M}{r.\ Sherlock Holmes}, who was usually
  very late in the mornings, save upon those not infrequent occasions
  when he stayed up all night, was seated at the breakfast table. I
  stood upon the hearth-rug and picked up the stick which our visitor
  had left behind him the night before.  It was a fine, thick piece of
  wood, bulbous-headed, of the sort which is known as a
  \enquote{Penang lawyer.} Just under the head was a broad silver
  band, nearly an inch across. \enquote{To James Mortimer, M.R.C.S.,
    from his friends of the C.C.H.,} was engraved upon it, with the
  date \enquote{1884.} It was just such a stick as the old-fashioned
  family practitioner used to carry—dignified, solid, and reassuring.
\end{tcblisting}

\begin{tcblisting}{minted language=latex, title=Headings, minted
    options={linenos, numbersep=0mm, fontsize=\smaller,
      highlightlines={11}}}
  \doublespacing
  \begin{center}
    \textlarger{PART SECOND}.

    ETYMOLOGY OR THE PART OF THE SPEECH.
    
    \rule{1in}{0.4pt}

    I. THE VERB, \arb{al-fi`lu}.

    A. \textsc{General View}.

    1. \emph{The Forms of the Triliteral Verb}.
  \end{center}
\end{tcblisting}

\paragraph{The letter \enquote*{ǧ}} It is used notably to print
romanized Arabic. \emph{Old Standard T} now features this letter in
all of the three styles (Regular, Italic and Bold):---
\begin{tcblisting}{minted language=latex, minted
    options={fontsize=\smaller, linenos, numbersep=0mm,
      highlightlines={3,6,9}}}  
  \begin{arab}[trans]
    \begin{center}
      \textbf{da^gA^gaTu \uc{'a}bI 'l-\uc{h}u_dayli 'l-\uc{`a}llAfi}
    \end{center}
    kAna \uc{'a}bU 'l-\uc{h}u_dayli 'ahd_A 'il_A \uc{m}uwaysiN
    da^gA^gaTaN. wa-kAnat da^gA^gatu-hu 'llatI 'ahdA-hA dUna mA kAna
    yuttaxa_du li-\uc{m}uwaysiN.

    (\uc{al-^gA.hi.zu}, \aemph{\uc{k}itAbu 'l-\uc{b}u_halA'i})
  \end{arab}
\end{tcblisting}

\paragraph{\texttt{+ss06} OpenType feature} It is commonly believed
that all Greek vowels with acute accent taken from the Greek Extended
Unicode block \verb|1F00–1FFF| along with standalone acute accents
were duplicated from the Greek and Coptic Unicode block. Affected
characters from the Greek Extended Unicode block (\verb|0370–03FF|)
follow: \textgrc{ά, έ, ή, ί, ό, ύ, ώ, Ά, Έ, Ή, Ί, Ό, Ύ, Ώ, ΐ, ΰ, ´,
  ΅}. The counterparts of these letters in the Greek and Coptic
Unicode block are vowels with \emph{tonoi}.

However, strictly speaking, \emph{tonos} is not to be mistaken for
\enquote*{acute}: that is for sure, as \emph{tonos} was introduced as
a result of a reform to denote a tone, namely a stress on some vowels,
and not a pitch, namely a rising and falling voice on accented vowels.
Confusion began when the Greek government decreed that \emph{tonos}
shall be the acute.  From what the writer could see, many Greek fonts
originally reflected the distinction between \emph{tonos} and acute.
But nowadays, they simply mix them up.  As a result of this confusion,
in \emph{Old Standard}, vowels with acute were simply missing from the
Greek Extended Block. All of them, including the standalone accents,
have been restored in \emph{Old Standard T}. Furthermore, the rule
that instructed to absorb vowels with acute into vowels with
\emph{tonos} has been removed.

Since assigning vowels with \emph{tonos} and vowels with acute to the
same code points is clearly unacceptable even if the glyphs are
identical, it is now possible in \emph{Old Standard T} to input all
accented vowels from the Greek Extended Unicode block exclusively and
have the substitution rules applied at the same time, as shown by the
example that follows:---
\begin{tcblisting}{minted language=latex, minted
    options={fontsize=\smaller, linenos, numbersep=0mm,
      highlightlines={9-10}}}
  \begin{grc}
    \begin{center}
      \textlarger{ΙΠΠΟΚΡΑΤΟΥΣ ΕΠΙΔΗΜΙΩΝ ΤΟ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝ}.

      ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΡΩΤΟΝ.
    \end{center}
    
    \textbf{1.} Ἄνθρακες θερινοὶ ἐν Κραννῶνι· ὗεν ἐν καύμασιν ὕδατι
    λάβρῳ δι’ ὅλου καὶ ἐγίνετο μᾶλλον νότῳ, [καὶ] ὑπογίνονται μὲν ἐν
    τῷ δέρματι ἰχῶρες· ἐγκαταλαμβανόμενοι δέ, θερμαίνονται, καὶ
    κνησμὸν ἐμποιέουσιν· εἶτα φλυκταινίδες ὥσπερ πυρίκαυστοι
    ἐπανίσταντο καὶ ὑπὸ τὸ δέρμα καίεσθαι ἐδόκεον.
  \end{grc}
\end{tcblisting}

\subsection{Bold Italic shape}
\label{sec:bold-italic-shape}
As \emph{Old Standard}, \emph{Old Standard T} does not feature a bold
italic shape. However, both \XeTeX\ and \LuaTeX\ engines can emulate
this shape as shown in the following two examples:

\begin{tcblisting}{minted options={linenos, numbersep=0mm,
      fontsize=\smaller}, listing only, title=\XeLaTeX}
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \setmainfont{Old Standard T}[
    BoldItalicFont={Old Standard T Italic},
    BoldItalicFeatures={FakeBold=1.5}]  
\end{tcblisting}

\begin{tcblisting}{minted options={linenos, numbersep=0mm,
      fontsize=\smaller}, listing only, title=\LuaLaTeX}
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \setmainfont{Old Standard T}[
    BoldItalicFont={Old Standard T Italic},
    BoldItalicFeatures={RawFeature={+embolden=2}}]
\end{tcblisting}

\subsection{Using \emph{Old Standard T} in multilingual
  documents}
\label{sec:using-old-standard}
\pkg{babel} provides a high level interface on top of \pkg{fontspec}
to select fonts depending on the languages to be used.\icite[For more
information, the reader should refer to][10,24]{babel} As an example,
here is how \emph{Old Standard T} has been loaded in the preamble of
this document to be compiled with \LuaLaTeX:---
\begin{code}
  \usepackage[no-math]{fontspec}
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \usepackage[greek.ancient,english]{babel}
  \babeltags{grc = greek}
  
  \babelfont{rm}[BoldItalicFont={Old Standard T Italic},
  BoldItalicFeatures={RawFeature={+embolden=2}}]{Old Standard T}
  
  \babelfont[greek]{rm}[RawFeature={+ss05;+ss06},
  BoldItalicFont={Old Standard T Italic},
  BoldItalicFeatures={RawFeature={+embolden=2}}]{Old Standard T}
\end{code}

Then, once \emph{Old Standard T} has been loaded with \cs{babelfont}
properly,
\begin{enumerate}
\item \cs{textgrc}\marg{Greek text} can be used for short insertions
  of Greek text.
\item \verb|\begin{grc}| ... \verb|\end{grc}| can be used for
  inserting running paragraphs of Greek text.
\end{enumerate}

\end{document}