eventual Dark Dungeons X (BECMI D&D retroclone) setting.
(fae welcomes input.)
+rinna uses the token "TKTK" to mark places where more stuff is needed
+later.
+
a minimal map of the world in question is below for a bit of context.
it is also necessary to know that all or most sentient creatures in the
setting are anthropomorphic animals, but that the corresponding
ordinary animals also exist but are considered non-sentient.
![map of an as-yet unnamed world, with three contents and a few
-islands][https://lyssa-rpg-docs.neocities.org/media/blorb-world-map-minimal.png]
+islands](https://lyssa-rpg-docs.neocities.org/media/blorb-world-map-minimal.png){width=600}
Rinna has the following goals for Midêkʰ:
To help with approachability for English/Spanish speakers, [][@:Rinna]
opted to draw inspiration from
-[Wikipedia's account of Proto-Indo-European phonology][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_phonology#Vowels]{title="Wikipedia on reconstructed PIE phonology"].
+[Wikipedia's account of Proto-Indo-European phonology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_phonology#Vowels){title="Wikipedia on reconstructed PIE phonology"}.
Consonant table:
### Derivational morphology
-The derivational morphology of Midêkh is based around the combination
+The derivational morphology of Midêkʰ is based around the combination
of a root with a template to form a stem (TKTK).
These stems are further modified by infection to arrive at final word
forms.
stems or words.
All noun templates place /i/ between the first two consonants of the
-root, but vary in other positions.
+root, other than the verbal noun patterns which place /ī/ there, a long
+vowel, instead.
These are summarized below, with more details below:
-| pattern | description | m-d-kh | gender | english gloss |
+| pattern | description | m-d-kʰ | gender | english gloss |
|---------|--------------|----------|--------|--------------------------|
-| +i++é | abstraction | midkhé | f | linguistics/all language |
-| +i+ê+ | prototype | midêkh | varies | the Midêkh language |
-| so+í+i+ | place | somídikh | n | TKTK |
-| mi+í++o | instrument | mimídkho | n | pen, stylus |
-| +i+és+e | emphasis | midéskhe | m/f | conversation/command |
-| hê+i+o+ | personal | hêmidokh | m/f | orator, author, sage |
-| hi+i++í | diminutive | himidkhí | f | word |
-| ŋô+i++o | derogative | ŋômidkho | m | nonsense, pleading |
+| +i++é | abstraction | midkʰé | f | linguistics/all language |
+| +i+ê+ | prototype | midêkʰ | varies | the Midêkʰ language |
+| so+í+i+ | place | somídikʰ | n | TKTK |
+| mi+í++o | instrument | mimídkʰo | n | pen, stylus |
+| +i+és+e | emphasis | midéskʰe | m/f | conversation/command |
+| hê+i+o+ | personal | hêmidokʰ | m/f | orator, author, sage |
+| hi+i++í | diminutive | himidkʰí | f | word |
+| ŋô+i++o | derogative | ŋômidkʰo | m | nonsense, pleading |
* The noun of abstraction represents the abstract category of the root,
both the set of all of the things (or at least a particular type of
all things belonging to the category.
* The prototype noun represents the prototypical object related to a
root.
- For some roots, the prototype refers to a specific thing (as "Midêkh"
+ For some roots, the prototype refers to a specific thing (as "Midêkʰ"
for the language) as a proper noun, in which case it cannot be used
in the plural and it has feminine gender.
In other cases, it refers to a typical type of object related to the
Some patterns for common nouns (with the resulting noun's gender in
brackets) include "+í+o+" (f), "to+i+í+" (n), "te+i++ó" (m),
"no+i+é+" (f), "si+í+e+" (m).
+* Finally there are verbal noun patterns that are treated below.
+
+Verbs are similarly formed by combining a semantic root with one of
+several patterns.
+Unlike nouns, the patterns for verbs are grouped into several "forms",
+each form consisting of several patterns for different uses of a verb.
+The application of the patterns of a form to a given root are
+considered different variations of the same verb.
+
+Verb forms will be distinguished using a number (e.g. 1st form, 2nd
+form).
+Each form has patterns for the non-past tense stem, the past tense
+stem, the verbal noun, the active participle, and the passive
+participle.
+The verb stems must then be inflected for aspect, mood, aspect, number,
+and person to be used.
+
+The patterns for each verb form are indicated in the following table,
+with information about typical semantics and other properties of the
+forms described after the table.
+
+| Form | non-past | past | verbal noun | active part. | passive part. |
+|------|----------|----------|-------------|--------------|---------------|
+| 1st | +é++i | +e+í+ | +ī++é | +ó++o | +o+ó+ |
+| 2nd | +én+i+ | +e++ín | +î++en | +ó++on | +o+nó+ |
+| 3rd | hō+e++ó | hō+é+o+o | he+ī+é+ | +ó+ohi+ | he+o++ó |
+| 4th | +é++it | te+é+i+ | +ī++ís | +ó+si+o | +o+is+ó |
+| 5th | fe+é+e+ | fí+e+ē+ | fi+ī++í | fo+ó++o | fo+o+ó+ |
+| 6th | +ém+e+ | +em+ē+é | +ī+mó+ | mo+o+ó+ | mo+ó++o |
+
+* The 1st form refers to the action seen as most directly connected
+ with the meaning of the root.
+ They may be either transitive or intransitive depending on the
+ meaning of the verb, although ditransitive 1st form verbs are rare.
+ The verbal noun is of neuter gender.
+* The 2nd form typically has a meaning related to some action with a
+ lasting effect or impact, although in some cases it is instead an
+ emphatic or more intense version of the root's 1st-form verb.
+ They may be either transitive or intransitive.
+ The verbal noun is of neuter gender.
+* The 3rd form often functions as a causative, representing a
+ ditransitive form of a transitive 1st or 2nd form verb, or a
+ transitive form of an intransitive 1st or 2nd form verb.
+ When the 3rd form is a causative, it usually serves as causative for
+ both the 1st and 2nd form, not just one of them.
+ Even when not causative in meaning, the 3rd form is always transitive
+ or ditransitive.
+ The verbal noun is of masculine gender.
+ The active participle of ditransitive 3rd form verbs often relates to
+ either or both of the agent and patient of the action, with the
+ passive participle relating solely to the recipient or benefactor.
+* The 4th form often refers to a reciprocal or repeated action related
+ to the root.
+ 4th form verbs interact atypically with the case system: when they
+ have reciprocal meaning, all parties typically take the nominative
+ case, although for emphasis a single participant can be treated as
+ the subject while a preposition is used to identify other
+ participants;
+ if the verb can ever have reciprocal meaning, it never takes an
+ accusative object;
+ even when the particular verb cannot have reciprocal meaning, any
+ patient of the described action must be marked for the dative case.
+ The verbal noun is of feminine gender.
+ The active and passive participles are generally used to refer to
+ different aspects of the subject(s), often but not always using the
+ active participle for a more agentive aspect of the action.
+* The 5th form often has a meaning related to either capability of
+ performing some action or the acquisition or possession of a
+ non-physical quality (capability of action perhaps being considered a
+ non-physical quality);
+ in some cases the verb may be used for both meanings.
+ 5th form verbs are only transitive when used to indicate capability.
+ The verbal noun is of masculine gender.
+ The passive participle of 5th form verbs is usually used as a sort of
+ negative: it indicates that something does not have the quality or
+ cannot perform the action.
+* The 6th form often has a meaning related to either resulting from an
+ action or having or gaining some physical quality, such as colour or
+ shape.
+ As with the 5th form, many of these verbs may be used for both meanings.
+ 6th form verbs are never transitive.
+ The verbal noun is of neuter gender.
+ The active participle of 6th form verbs, similar to the passive
+ participle of 5th form verbs, usually serves as a negative: it
+ indicates that something does not result from the action or does not
+ have the quality.
+
+TKTK
### Inflectional morphology
### Roots
-* m-d-kh: language
+* m-d-kʰ: language
* p-s-ŋ: liquid/water
TKTK
Format: stem (root): part of speech. gloss (notes).
-Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f*eminine, **n**euter,
-**v**arying by referent), **v**erb (**t**ransitive, **i**ntransitive),
-**adj**ective.
-
-* hêmidokh (m-d-kh): nv. orator, author, sage
+Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f**eminine, **n**euter,
+**v**arying by referent), **v**erb (**t**ransitive, **i**ntransitive,
+**d**itransitive, **4**th form), **adj**ective.
+Verbs are listed with the present stem separated from the past stem by
+a slash, but collated according the present stem.
+
+* femédekh/fímedēkh (m-d-kh): vi. to be or become sapient, to be
+ capable of language
+* fepéseŋ/fípesēŋ (p-s-ŋ): vi. to be variable or flexible, to change
+* fimīdkhí (m-d-kh): nm. sapience
+* fipīsŋí (p-s-ŋ): nm. mutability, variability, change
+* fomódkho (m-d-kh): adj. sapient, capable of language
+* fopósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. variable, flexible, changing
+* fomodókh (m-d-kh): adj. non-sapient, incapable of language, mindless
+* foposóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. static, rigid, unmoving
+* hemīdékh (m-d-kh): nm. dictation, decree, declaration
+* hêmidokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nv. orator, author, sage
+* hepīséŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. pouring, a pour, a cupful
* hêpisoŋ (p-s-ŋ): nv. cupbearer
-* himidkhí (m-d-kh): nf. word
+* himidkʰí (m-d-kʰ): nf. word
* hipisŋí (p-s-ŋ): nf. pond, lake
-* midêkh (m-d-kh): nf.sg. the Midêkh language
-* midéskhe (m-d-kh): nf. command, order
-* midéskhe (m-d-kh): nm. conversation, dialogue (this can refer to a spoken conversation or a written dialogue)
-* midkhé (m-d-kh): nf.sg. linguistics, language in general
-* mídokh (m-d-kh): nf. book, scroll
-* mimídkho (m-d-kh): nn. pen, stylus, other writing instrument
+* hemodkhó (m-d-kh): adj. being dictated to, subservient,
+ representative of
+* heposŋó (p-s-ŋ): adj. being poured into, filled
+* hōmedkhó/hōmédokho (m-d-kh): vt/vd. to dictate, to cause to say or
+ write
+* hōpesŋó/hōpésoŋo (p-s-ŋ): vt/vd. to pour (trans.); to pour onto/into
+ (ditrans.)
+* médkhi/medíkh (m-d-kh): vi/vt. speak, say, utter
+* médkhit/temédikh (m-d-kh): v4. to converse or correspond
+* mémdekh/memdēkhé (m-d-kh): vi. to be noisy, to make noise
+* méndikh/medkhín (m-d-kh): vi/vt. write
+* midêkʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf.sg. the Midêkʰ language
+* midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nf. command, order
+* midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nm. conversation, dialogue (this can refer to a
+ spoken conversation or a written dialogue)
+* midkʰé (m-d-kʰ): nf.sg. linguistics, language in general
+* mīdkhís (m-d-kh): nf. act of conversing or corresponding (in the
+ singular it normally refers to one utterance or letter and its
+ response; in the plural it can refer to an entire conversation or the
+ entire correspondence between two or more people)
+* mīdmókh (m-d-kh): nn. noise, sound
+* mídokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. book, scroll
+* mimídkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nn. pen, stylus, other writing instrument
* mipísŋo (p-s-ŋ): nn. canal
-* nomidékh (m-d-kh): nf. message, letter
-* ŋômidkho (m-d-kh): nm. nonsense, pathetic request
+* mīdkhé (m-d-kh): nn. utterance, speech, act of speaking
+* mîdkhen (m-d-kh): nn. text, act of writing
+* módkho (m-d-kh): adj. speaking, vocal
+* módkhon (m-d-kh): adj. literate, writing
+* modiskhó (m-d-kh): adj. comprehending, listening
+* modnókh (m-d-kh): adj. written, textual, literary
+* módohikh (m-d-kh): adj. dictating, imperious, acting indirectly
+* modókh (m-d-kh): adj. spoken, verbal, oral
+* módsikho (m-d-kh): adj. communicating, expressive
+* momódkho (m-d-kh): adj. noisy, loud
+* momodókh (m-d-kh): adj. quiet, noiseless, silent
+* mopósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. melted, liquid, wet
+* moposóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. dry
+* nomidékʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. message, letter
+* ŋômidkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nm. nonsense, pathetic request
* nôpisŋo (p-s-ŋ): nm. urine
+* pémseŋ/pemsēŋé (p-s-ŋ): vi. to become liquid, to melt, to be or
+ become wet
+* pénsiŋ/pesŋín (p-s-ŋ): vi/vt. pool (intr.); cover in liquid, flood,
+ overflow (trans.)
+* pésŋi/pesíŋ (p-s-ŋ): vi. flow
+* pésŋit/tepésiŋ (p-s-ŋ): v4. to rise and fall over time (as tides or
+ water level in a lake or river)
* pisêŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. water
* pisésŋe (p-s-ŋ): nm. flood
-* pisŋé (p-s-ŋ): nf.sg. liquids (the state of matter, and the science of its behavior)
-* simídekh (m-d-kh): nm. language, script
+* pīsmóŋ (p-s-ŋ): nn. melting
+* pisŋé (p-s-ŋ): nf.sg. liquids (the state of matter, and the science
+ of its behavior)
+* pīsŋé (p-s-ŋ): nn. act of flowing
+* pîsŋen (p-s-ŋ): nn. pool, puddle, act of pooling
+* pīsŋís (p-s-ŋ): nf. tide, change in level (especially of a fluid)
+* pósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. flowing, fluid
+* pósŋon (p-s-ŋ): adj. pooling, overflowing, stagnant
+* posnóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. submerged, flooded, overflowed
+* pósohiŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. pouring (the one pouring a fluid), being
+ poured, raining
+* posóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. watered (as e.g. plants, soil), irrigated
+* simídekʰ (m-d-kʰ): nm. language, script
* sipíseŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. mouthful (esp. of liquids)
-* somídikh (m-d-kh): nn. TKTK (some sort of language place)
+* somídikʰ (m-d-kʰ): nn. TKTK (some sort of language place)
* sopísiŋ (p-s-ŋ): nn. body of water or other liquid, esp. an ocean
* tepisŋó (p-s-ŋ): nm. blood
-* tōmidíkh (m-d-kh): nn. sentence
+* tōmidíkʰ (m-d-kʰ): nn. sentence
* tōpisíŋ (p-s-ŋ): nn. cup, waterskin, jug
Lady’s Gitweb / Wiki / blobdiff