with information about typical semantics and other properties of the
forms described after the table.
-| Form | non-past | past | verbal noun | active part. | passive part. |
-|------|----------|--------|-------------|--------------|---------------|
-| 1st | +é++i | +e+í+ | +ī++é | +ó++o | +o+ó+ |
-| 2nd | +én+i+ | +e++ín | +î++en | +ó++on | +o+nó+ |
+| Form | non-past | past | verbal noun | active part. | passive part. |
+|------|----------|----------|-------------|--------------|---------------|
+| 1st | +é++i | +e+í+ | +ī++é | +ó++o | +o+ó+ |
+| 2nd | +én+i+ | +e++ín | +î++en | +ó++on | +o+nó+ |
+| 3rd | hō+e++ó | hō+é+o+o | he+ī+é+ | +ó+ohi+ | he+o++ó |
+| 4th | +é++it | te+é+i+ | +ī++ís | +ó+si+o | +o+is+ó |
+| 5th | fe+é+e+ | fí+e+ē+ | fi+ī++í | fo+ó++o | fo+o+ó+ |
+| 6th | +ém+e+ | +em+ē+é | +ī+mó+ | mo+o+ó+ | mo+ó++o |
* The 1st form refers to the action seen as most directly connected
with the meaning of the root.
emphatic or more intense version of the root's 1st-form verb.
They may be either transitive or intransitive.
The verbal noun is of neuter gender.
-* TKTK
-
+* The 3rd form often functions as a causative, representing a
+ ditransitive form of a transitive 1st or 2nd form verb, or a
+ transitive form of an intransitive 1st or 2nd form verb.
+ When the 3rd form is a causative, it usually serves as causative for
+ both the 1st and 2nd form, not just one of them.
+ Even when not causative in meaning, the 3rd form is always transitive
+ or ditransitive.
+ The verbal noun is of masculine gender.
+ The active participle of ditransitive 3rd form verbs often relates to
+ either or both of the agent and patient of the action, with the
+ passive participle relating solely to the recipient or benefactor.
+* The 4th form often refers to a reciprocal or repeated action related
+ to the root.
+ 4th form verbs interact atypically with the case system: when they
+ have reciprocal meaning, all parties typically take the nominative
+ case, although for emphasis a single participant can be treated as
+ the subject while a preposition is used to identify other
+ participants;
+ if the verb can ever have reciprocal meaning, it never takes an
+ accusative object;
+ even when the particular verb cannot have reciprocal meaning, any
+ patient of the described action must be marked for the dative case.
+ The verbal noun is of feminine gender.
+ The active and passive participles are generally used to refer to
+ different aspects of the subject(s), often but not always using the
+ active participle for a more agentive aspect of the action.
+* The 5th form often has a meaning related to either capability of
+ performing some action or the acquisition or possession of a
+ non-physical quality (capability of action perhaps being considered a
+ non-physical quality);
+ in some cases the verb may be used for both meanings.
+ 5th form verbs are only transitive when used to indicate capability.
+ The verbal noun is of masculine gender.
+ The passive participle of 5th form verbs is usually used as a sort of
+ negative: it indicates that something does not have the quality or
+ cannot perform the action.
+* The 6th form often has a meaning related to either resulting from an
+ action or having or gaining some physical quality, such as colour or
+ shape.
+ As with the 5th form, many of these verbs may be used for both meanings.
+ 6th form verbs are never transitive.
+ The verbal noun is of neuter gender.
+ The active participle of 6th form verbs, similar to the passive
+ participle of 5th form verbs, usually serves as a negative: it
+ indicates that something does not result from the action or does not
+ have the quality.
TKTK
Parts of speech: **n**oun (**m**asculine, **f**eminine, **n**euter,
**v**arying by referent), **v**erb (**t**ransitive, **i**ntransitive,
-**d**itransitive), **adj**ective.
+**d**itransitive, **4**th form), **adj**ective.
Verbs are listed with the present stem separated from the past stem by
a slash, but collated according the present stem.
+* femédekh/fímedēkh (m-d-kh): vi. to be or become sapient, to be
+ capable of language
+* fepéseŋ/fípesēŋ (p-s-ŋ): vi. to be variable or flexible, to change
+* fimīdkhí (m-d-kh): nm. sapience
+* fipīsŋí (p-s-ŋ): nm. mutability, variability, change
+* fomódkho (m-d-kh): adj. sapient, capable of language
+* fopósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. variable, flexible, changing
+* fomodókh (m-d-kh): adj. non-sapient, incapable of language, mindless
+* foposóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. static, rigid, unmoving
+* hemīdékh (m-d-kh): nm. dictation, decree, declaration
* hêmidokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nv. orator, author, sage
+* hepīséŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. pouring, a pour, a cupful
* hêpisoŋ (p-s-ŋ): nv. cupbearer
* himidkʰí (m-d-kʰ): nf. word
* hipisŋí (p-s-ŋ): nf. pond, lake
+* hemodkhó (m-d-kh): adj. being dictated to, subservient,
+ representative of
+* heposŋó (p-s-ŋ): adj. being poured into, filled
+* hōmedkhó/hōmédokho (m-d-kh): vt/vd. to dictate, to cause to say or
+ write
+* hōpesŋó/hōpésoŋo (p-s-ŋ): vt/vd. to pour (trans.); to pour onto/into
+ (ditrans.)
* médkhi/medíkh (m-d-kh): vi/vt. speak, say, utter
+* médkhit/temédikh (m-d-kh): v4. to converse or correspond
+* mémdekh/memdēkhé (m-d-kh): vi. to be noisy, to make noise
* méndikh/medkhín (m-d-kh): vi/vt. write
* midêkʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf.sg. the Midêkʰ language
* midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nf. command, order
-* midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nm. conversation, dialogue (this can refer to a spoken conversation or a written dialogue)
+* midéskʰe (m-d-kʰ): nm. conversation, dialogue (this can refer to a
+ spoken conversation or a written dialogue)
* midkʰé (m-d-kʰ): nf.sg. linguistics, language in general
+* mīdkhís (m-d-kh): nf. act of conversing or corresponding (in the
+ singular it normally refers to one utterance or letter and its
+ response; in the plural it can refer to an entire conversation or the
+ entire correspondence between two or more people)
+* mīdmókh (m-d-kh): nn. noise, sound
* mídokʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. book, scroll
* mimídkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nn. pen, stylus, other writing instrument
* mipísŋo (p-s-ŋ): nn. canal
* mîdkhen (m-d-kh): nn. text, act of writing
* módkho (m-d-kh): adj. speaking, vocal
* módkhon (m-d-kh): adj. literate, writing
+* modiskhó (m-d-kh): adj. comprehending, listening
* modnókh (m-d-kh): adj. written, textual, literary
+* módohikh (m-d-kh): adj. dictating, imperious, acting indirectly
* modókh (m-d-kh): adj. spoken, verbal, oral
+* módsikho (m-d-kh): adj. communicating, expressive
+* momódkho (m-d-kh): adj. noisy, loud
+* momodókh (m-d-kh): adj. quiet, noiseless, silent
+* mopósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. melted, liquid, wet
+* moposóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. dry
* nomidékʰ (m-d-kʰ): nf. message, letter
* ŋômidkʰo (m-d-kʰ): nm. nonsense, pathetic request
* nôpisŋo (p-s-ŋ): nm. urine
-* pénsiŋ/pesŋín (p-s-ŋ): vi/vt. pool (intr.); cover in liquid, flood, overflow (trans.)
+* pémseŋ/pemsēŋé (p-s-ŋ): vi. to become liquid, to melt, to be or
+ become wet
+* pénsiŋ/pesŋín (p-s-ŋ): vi/vt. pool (intr.); cover in liquid, flood,
+ overflow (trans.)
* pésŋi/pesíŋ (p-s-ŋ): vi. flow
+* pésŋit/tepésiŋ (p-s-ŋ): v4. to rise and fall over time (as tides or
+ water level in a lake or river)
* pisêŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. water
* pisésŋe (p-s-ŋ): nm. flood
-* pisŋé (p-s-ŋ): nf.sg. liquids (the state of matter, and the science of its behavior)
+* pīsmóŋ (p-s-ŋ): nn. melting
+* pisŋé (p-s-ŋ): nf.sg. liquids (the state of matter, and the science
+ of its behavior)
* pīsŋé (p-s-ŋ): nn. act of flowing
* pîsŋen (p-s-ŋ): nn. pool, puddle, act of pooling
+* pīsŋís (p-s-ŋ): nf. tide, change in level (especially of a fluid)
* pósŋo (p-s-ŋ): adj. flowing, fluid
* pósŋon (p-s-ŋ): adj. pooling, overflowing, stagnant
* posnóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. submerged, flooded, overflowed
+* pósohiŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. pouring (the one pouring a fluid), being
+ poured, raining
* posóŋ (p-s-ŋ): adj. watered (as e.g. plants, soil), irrigated
* simídekʰ (m-d-kʰ): nm. language, script
* sipíseŋ (p-s-ŋ): nm. mouthful (esp. of liquids)
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