+* The 3rd form often functions as a causative, representing a
+ ditransitive form of a transitive 1st or 2nd form verb, or a
+ transitive form of an intransitive 1st or 2nd form verb.
+ When the 3rd form is a causative, it usually serves as causative for
+ both the 1st and 2nd form, not just one of them.
+ Even when not causative in meaning, the 3rd form is always transitive
+ or ditransitive.
+ The verbal noun is of masculine gender.
+ The active participle of ditransitive 3rd form verbs often relates to
+ either or both of the agent and patient of the action, with the
+ passive participle relating solely to the recipient or benefactor.
+* The 4th form often refers to a reciprocal or repeated action related
+ to the root.
+ 4th form verbs interact atypically with the case system: when they
+ have reciprocal meaning, all parties typically take the nominative
+ case, although for emphasis a single participant can be treated as
+ the subject while a preposition is used to identify other
+ participants;
+ if the verb can ever have reciprocal meaning, it never takes an
+ accusative object;
+ even when the particular verb cannot have reciprocal meaning, any
+ patient of the described action must be marked for the dative case.
+ The verbal noun is of feminine gender.
+ The active and passive participles are generally used to refer to
+ different aspects of the subject(s), often but not always using the
+ active participle for a more agentive aspect of the action.
+* The 5th form often has a meaning related to either capability of
+ performing some action or the acquisition or possession of a
+ non-physical quality (capability of action perhaps being considered a
+ non-physical quality);
+ in some cases the verb may be used for both meanings.
+ 5th form verbs are only transitive when used to indicate capability.
+ The verbal noun is of masculine gender.
+ The passive participle of 5th form verbs is usually used as a sort of
+ negative: it indicates that something does not have the quality or
+ cannot perform the action.
+* The 6th form often has a meaning related to either resulting from an
+ action or having or gaining some physical quality, such as colour or
+ shape.
+ As with the 5th form, many of these verbs may be used for both meanings.
+ 6th form verbs are never transitive.
+ The verbal noun is of neuter gender.
+ The active participle of 6th form verbs, similar to the passive
+ participle of 5th form verbs, usually serves as a negative: it
+ indicates that something does not result from the action or does not
+ have the quality.
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