The following are paragraph‐level elements.
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+<!ELEMENT quote (p|quote)+>
<!--
The following encapsulate paragraph information within bibliographies.
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-<!ELEMENT cit (p+,bibl*)>
+<!ELEMENT cit (quote,bibl*)>
<!ATTLIST cit
xmlns CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0'
xml:lang NMTOKEN #REQUIRED
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cit SYSTEM "../../../DTD">
<cit xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en">
- <p>
- In the gift economies to which F/LOSS is often compared, gifts are given to create ties and obligations among people<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- But in F/LOSS, code was just as readily given away as <seg type="callout">a way of cutting ties</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- <gap reason="editorial"/>
- </p>
- <p>
- <gap reason="editorial"/>
- Community members are decidedly <emph>not</emph> free to build ties that might oblige others to explain themselves, which is exactly what women’s groups do, and exactly why they are considered problematic<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- If someone does not like being in one software project, the accepted course of action is to simply start another project elsewhere, not create an obligation for that community to include you<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- This particular form of exchange means that others can push the technology along further only <emph>as</emph> individually willful agents who have taken it upon themselves to ‘read the f<ellipsis>
- <metamark>***</metamark>
- <supplied>uck</supplied>
- </ellipsis>ing manual.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
- </p>
+ <quote>
+ <p>
+ In the gift economies to which F/LOSS is often compared, gifts are given to create ties and obligations among people<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ But in F/LOSS, code was just as readily given away as <seg type="callout">a way of cutting ties</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ <gap reason="editorial"/>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <gap reason="editorial"/>
+ Community members are decidedly <emph>not</emph> free to build ties that might oblige others to explain themselves, which is exactly what women’s groups do, and exactly why they are considered problematic<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ If someone does not like being in one software project, the accepted course of action is to simply start another project elsewhere, not create an obligation for that community to include you<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ This particular form of exchange means that others can push the technology along further only <emph>as</emph> individually willful agents who have taken it upon themselves to ‘read the f<ellipsis>
+ <metamark>***</metamark>
+ <supplied>uck</supplied>
+ </ellipsis>ing manual.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
+ </p>
+ </quote>
<bibl>
<citedRange unit="page" from="680" to="680"/>
</bibl>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cit SYSTEM "../../../DTD">
<cit xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en">
- <p>
- In <abbr>F/LOSS</abbr>, openness relies on a steadfastly closed epistemological frame that not only constitutes technology as apart from persons, but shapes this separability in such a way that code is more than just outside the realm of the social: it is <seg type="callout">downright <emph>freed</emph> from it</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- The social here is not exactly orthogonal to the technical as <abbr>F/LOSS</abbr> imagination has it; rather, social forms shape how ties are <emph>severed</emph>, as well as how they are built, between people<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- Not needing to know with whom code is being exchanged, or having a stake in their concerns, is as central to <abbr>F/LOSS</abbr> as open scrutiny to improve code quality<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- </p>
+ <quote>
+ <p>
+ In <abbr>F/LOSS</abbr>, openness relies on a steadfastly closed epistemological frame that not only constitutes technology as apart from persons, but shapes this separability in such a way that code is more than just outside the realm of the social: it is <seg type="callout">downright <emph>freed</emph> from it</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ The social here is not exactly orthogonal to the technical as <abbr>F/LOSS</abbr> imagination has it; rather, social forms shape how ties are <emph>severed</emph>, as well as how they are built, between people<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ Not needing to know with whom code is being exchanged, or having a stake in their concerns, is as central to <abbr>F/LOSS</abbr> as open scrutiny to improve code quality<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ </p>
+ </quote>
<bibl>
<citedRange unit="page" from="680" to="680"/>
</bibl>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cit SYSTEM "../../../DTD">
<cit xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en">
- <p>
- Other researchers have likened software production to craft production<note n="2">
- <p>
- Here <abbr>F/LOSS</abbr>ers are drawing on the masculinity of the eighteenth century blacksmith or woodworker, an image that evokes a self‐sufficient individualist without posing a threat to male dominance.
- </p>
- </note> (Coleman, 2001) or pleasurable play (Klief and Faulkner, 2002)<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- In our study this is indeed part of coders’ imagination<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- Members often describe their work as ‘scratching an itch’ by producing something tangible and craft‐like<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- Scratching an itch is a common reason why people become involved with communities and why they stay<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- Yet tradition and repetition, key elements of other forms of craft production, have no place other than as building blocks upon which to take one’s own work further<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- Re‐doing work similar to that of other coders does not scratch the itch satisfactorily, whereas it generally does among craftspeople<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- In this way, the craft system looks suspiciously <seg type="callout">like a system of science</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- </p>
+ <quote>
+ <p>
+ Other researchers have likened software production to craft production<note n="2">
+ <p>
+ Here <abbr>F/LOSS</abbr>ers are drawing on the masculinity of the eighteenth century blacksmith or woodworker, an image that evokes a self‐sufficient individualist without posing a threat to male dominance.
+ </p>
+ </note> (Coleman, 2001) or pleasurable play (Klief and Faulkner, 2002)<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ In our study this is indeed part of coders’ imagination<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ Members often describe their work as ‘scratching an itch’ by producing something tangible and craft‐like<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ Scratching an itch is a common reason why people become involved with communities and why they stay<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ Yet tradition and repetition, key elements of other forms of craft production, have no place other than as building blocks upon which to take one’s own work further<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ Re‐doing work similar to that of other coders does not scratch the itch satisfactorily, whereas it generally does among craftspeople<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ In this way, the craft system looks suspiciously <seg type="callout">like a system of science</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ </p>
+ </quote>
<bibl>
<citedRange unit="page" from="677" to="677"/>
</bibl>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cit SYSTEM "../../../DTD">
<cit xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en">
- <p>
- I ask Robin to talk to me about her relationship with her piano, a machine, but she insists that it was <seg type="callout">a completely different thing</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- The piano took her away from people, but then it brought her closer to them<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- The involvements of her male peers with the computer only shut people out<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- </p>
+ <quote>
+ <p>
+ I ask Robin to talk to me about her relationship with her piano, a machine, but she insists that it was <seg type="callout">a completely different thing</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ The piano took her away from people, but then it brought her closer to them<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ The involvements of her male peers with the computer only shut people out<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ </p>
+ </quote>
<bibl>
<citedRange unit="page" from="47" to="47"/>
</bibl>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cit SYSTEM "../../../DTD">
<cit xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en">
- <p>
- We know that pencils, oil paints and brushes are ‘just tools.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
- And yet, we appreciate that the artist’s encounter with his or her tools is close and relational<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- It may shut people out, temporarily, but the work itself can bring one closer to oneself, and ultimately to others<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- In the right settings, people develop relationships with computers that feel <seg type="callout">artistic and personal</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- And yet, for most people, and certainly for the women I studied, this was rare<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- When they began to approach the computer in their own style, they got their wrists slapped, and were told that they were not doing things ‘right.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
- </p>
- <p>
- When this happens, many people drop out<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- </p>
+ <quote>
+ <p>
+ We know that pencils, oil paints and brushes are ‘just tools.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
+ And yet, we appreciate that the artist’s encounter with his or her tools is close and relational<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ It may shut people out, temporarily, but the work itself can bring one closer to oneself, and ultimately to others<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ In the right settings, people develop relationships with computers that feel <seg type="callout">artistic and personal</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ And yet, for most people, and certainly for the women I studied, this was rare<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ When they began to approach the computer in their own style, they got their wrists slapped, and were told that they were not doing things ‘right.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When this happens, many people drop out<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ </p>
+ </quote>
<bibl>
<citedRange unit="page" from="58" to="58"/>
</bibl>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cit SYSTEM "../../../DTD">
<cit xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en">
- <p>
- Lisa reacted with irritation when her high school teachers tried to get her interested in mathematics by calling it a language<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- ‘People were always yakking at me about how math is a language—it’s got punctuation marks and all that stuff<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- I thought they were fools and I told them so<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- I told them that <seg type="callout">if only it were a language</seg>, if only it had some nuance, then perhaps I could relate to it.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
- </p>
+ <quote>
+ <p>
+ Lisa reacted with irritation when her high school teachers tried to get her interested in mathematics by calling it a language<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ ‘People were always yakking at me about how math is a language—it’s got punctuation marks and all that stuff<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ I thought they were fools and I told them so<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ I told them that <seg type="callout">if only it were a language</seg>, if only it had some nuance, then perhaps I could relate to it.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
+ </p>
+ </quote>
<bibl>
<citedRange unit="page" from="55" to="55"/>
</bibl>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cit SYSTEM "../../../DTD">
<cit xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en">
- <p>
- Simulated thinking may be thinking, but simulated love is <seg type="callout">never love</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- </p>
+ <quote>
+ <p>
+ Simulated thinking may be thinking, but simulated love is <seg type="callout">never love</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ </p>
+ </quote>
<bibl>
<citedRange unit="page" from="55" to="55"/>
</bibl>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cit SYSTEM "../../../DTD">
<cit xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en">
- <p>
- First, insisting that the computer is just a tool is a defense against the experience of the computer as the opposite, as an intimate machine<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- It is a way to say that it is not appropriate to have a close relationship with a machine<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- Computers with their plasticity and malleability are compelling media<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- They have a psychological ‘holding power.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
- Women use their rejection of computer holding power to assert <seg type="callout">something about themselves as women</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- Being a woman is opposed to a compelling relationship with a thing that shuts people out<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- </p>
+ <quote>
+ <p>
+ First, insisting that the computer is just a tool is a defense against the experience of the computer as the opposite, as an intimate machine<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ It is a way to say that it is not appropriate to have a close relationship with a machine<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ Computers with their plasticity and malleability are compelling media<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ They have a psychological ‘holding power.’<pc unit="sentence"/>
+ Women use their rejection of computer holding power to assert <seg type="callout">something about themselves as women</seg><pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ Being a woman is opposed to a compelling relationship with a thing that shuts people out<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ </p>
+ </quote>
<bibl>
<citedRange unit="page" from="50" to="50"/>
</bibl>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cit SYSTEM "../../../DTD">
<cit xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en">
- <p>
- To take an analogy from the world of the computer’s second cousins, the video games: it is almost impossible to learn to play a video game if you try to understand first and play second<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- Girls are often perceived as preferring the ‘easier’ video games<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- When I have looked more closely at <seg type="callout">what they really prefer</seg>, it is games where they can understand ‘the rules’ before play begins<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- Both Lisa and Robin crave transparent understanding of the computer<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- For example, although both apologize for their behavior as ‘silly,’ both like to program the computer to do everything they need to build their larger programs, even when these smaller, ‘building‐block’ procedures are in program libraries at their disposal<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- It makes their job harder, but both say that it gives them a more satisfying understanding<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- They don’t like taking risks at the machine<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- What they most want to avoid is error messages<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
- </p>
+ <quote>
+ <p>
+ To take an analogy from the world of the computer’s second cousins, the video games: it is almost impossible to learn to play a video game if you try to understand first and play second<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ Girls are often perceived as preferring the ‘easier’ video games<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ When I have looked more closely at <seg type="callout">what they really prefer</seg>, it is games where they can understand ‘the rules’ before play begins<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ Both Lisa and Robin crave transparent understanding of the computer<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ For example, although both apologize for their behavior as ‘silly,’ both like to program the computer to do everything they need to build their larger programs, even when these smaller, ‘building‐block’ procedures are in program libraries at their disposal<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ It makes their job harder, but both say that it gives them a more satisfying understanding<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ They don’t like taking risks at the machine<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ What they most want to avoid is error messages<pc unit="sentence">.</pc>
+ </p>
+ </quote>
<bibl>
<citedRange unit="page" from="49" to="49"/>
</bibl>
Lady’s Gitweb / Fortune / commitdiff